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Urbinization
Urban area has businesses that attracted immigrants and people moving from rural areas who were looking for jobs. This caused cities to grow rapidly. This also caused many immigrants to look for jobs in the U.S, which they considered the land of opportunity. -
13th Amendment
It said that slavery wasn't a thing anymore. But it didn't make slaves completely free. It said "involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted." -
Black Panthers
Militant group of African Americans. They only used force if they had to defend themselves. They wanted to be divided to cause less problems. -
Black Codes
Laws made by southern states. One of the laws made them work more for less. Gave the slaves less rights. -
14th Amendment
If a person is born in the U.S. then they are citizens. No state can make a law to oppose their citizenship. -
Sharecropping
Plantation owners couldn't farm their land ,once the civil war is over. They didn't have workers to work their. This system benefited both the blacks and the farmer owner. -
Immigration & the American dream
Between the 1880s through the 1920s, around 25 million people migrated to the U.S. They came to the U.S to get away from poverty from their country. The believed that America was a land of opportunity. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
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Plessy V. Ferguson
The court said "separate but equal" wasn't a violation of the 14th amendment. This made water fountains, restaurants and other public establishments become segregated. -
Emmett Till
A 14 year old African American kid. He was beaten to death by two white men. This made others outraged and helped boost the civil rights movement. -
Hector P. Garcia
Founder of the G.I. forum. He was a Mexican American veteran in World War 2. Fought for segregation in schools. -
Core
Leading organization for the civil rights movement. It helped test segregation in the South. -
Stokely Carmichael
African American civil rights activist. He also known for creating the phrase "Black Power." Jailed for working with the Freedom riders. -
Brown v. Board of Education
One of the biggest Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century. Unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment. This said that no matter the color of the child they are allowed in school. -
Thurgood Marshall
First African American in the Supreme Court justice. Counsel to the NAACP, he used the judiciary for the equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case, in which allowed any colored student education. -
Rosa Parks
She was named "the mother of the civil rights movement". She refused to give up her seat in a public bus to a white man. Rosa was arrested and fined for her actions. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride buses to protest against segregation. It took a year to stop bus sitting segregation. -
Little Rock Nine
Group of 9 African American kids the went to an all white High school. They were not wanted there by all the whites in town. People cursed at them and called them bad names. -
SCLC
MLK Jr. was the president for the this organization. This was created around the same time when the Montgomery Bus Boycott took place. They wanted to push the civil rights movement even further. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This let anybody of any color the right to vote. It was almost like it was a growing federal commitment to the cause of civil rights. -
Orval Faubus
Politician that was the 36th governor of Arkansas. He was a governor from 1955 to 1967. He sent national guards to prevent African Americans from enrolling to an all white High school. -
Sit-ins
A non violent protest in North Carolina. They sat where they were not supposed to be sitting. They all were not served. -
Lynching
This was a way to show white's anger towards blacks. They would tie a black man to a tree. And they would torture them. -
Affirmative Action
A term said by JFK. He said "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." -
Freedom Riders
A group of white and black people rode a bus. They had violated the Jim Crow laws. There was an angry mob waiting for them and took everyone out of the bus and beat them. -
Ole Miss Intergration
A riot in the University of Mississippi in Oxford. A black man known as James Meredith wanted to enroll in the university. He was a Air Force veteran. -
Betty Friedan
A writer and a feminist. She was a big figure in the women's movement. Wrote a book in 1963 that said that women should have other rights than just a house wife. -
U of Alabama Intergration
African American students wanted to desegregate the University of Alabama. The new governor of Alabama, flanked by state troopers, blocked the door of the enrollment office. -
March on Washington
Famous for MLK Jr. saying his "I have a dream speech" speech. Over 200 thousand people were there. There was even whites that came on the march. -
Non-Violent Protest
These kind of protest were very useful during the civil rights movement. This kind of protest helped colored people have certain rights. -
Desegregation
The Cicil Rights Act of 1964 helped desegregate public establishments. Like restaurants, stores and most importantly schools. This a big accomplishment for the civil rights movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This law made discrimination stop. The law finally brought equality to the African Americans. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
A civil rights activist and leader. He did not believe in violence protest. Helped pass the civil rights act and the voting act for African American. -
Lester Maddox
He refused to serve African Americans in his restaurant. He kicked them out and even had a wooden stick in the front of the restaurant if he needed to use it. He was also the 75th governor of Georgia from 1967 to 1971 -
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that made for racial segregation. These laws differed in states 1876 to 1965. "Jim Crow" was a racist term to a black. -
Voting Rights of 1965
This prohibited racial discrimination in any voting. This was one of the biggest accomplishments for the civil rights movement. -
Watts Riots
Frye was a young black man arrested by Lee Minikus. He was arrested for suspicion of driving while drunk. This made blacks to riot against between blacks and the police. -
George Wallace
Politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama. In 1968 he was candidate for a presidential election. He was another candidate in the 1972 election as a democrat. -
Civil Disobedience
Activist used civil disobedience to make a change . It worked and they got rights. MLK Jr. used this to get the rights they wanted. -
Cesar Chavez
Civil rights activist that wanted more for latinos. He wanted to fight for the latino's treatment in their work. He wanted better working conditions and better pay for the latinos. -
15th Amendment.
No vote can be denied for a a U.S. citizen. Their color or race does not matter. Everyone was able to vote. -
Title IX
There cannot be discrimination of gender in school. Provided schools with more money. Government will pay for school things.
