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Period: to
Civil Rights Movement
(1865-1967) -
The 13th Ammendment
: The 13th amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. The only way that slavery and involuntary servitude was allowed was if it was a punishment for a crime. Though the amendment formally abolished slavery throughout there was still slavery that happened mainly in the south. There were things like the black codes, white supremacist violence and other loop holes that still happened after the 13th amendment was ratified. The amendment also enables Congress to pass laws against sex tra -
The 14th Amendment
The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States. This amendment forbids any state from denying any person from life, liberty, or property. It also stated that no person could be denied equal protection of laws. No state would be allowed to abridge the privilege and immunities of citizens. Also the state and federal citizenship for people regardless of their race, born in the United States, and naturalized in the United States was reaffirmed. -
The 15th Amendment
The 15th amendment allowed African American men the right to vote. The 15th amendment says that the citizen of the United States have to the right to vote and shall not be denied by the United States or by any state because of their race, color or other conditions. -
Jim Crow Laws(1880-1965)
They were laws in southern states that allowed segregation between black and white people. The Jim Crow laws allowed literacy test and poll taxes to be given to African American’s in order for them to vote. They were called Jim Crow because he was the one who was in charge of these laws. Jim Crow laws were not just only laws it was a way of life and how people would think. -
Poll taxes (1889-1910) Aprox. Date
Poll taxes were a big thing in Southern states. Poll taxes were where you had to pay money in order to have the right to vote. They often made African Americans or poor white people pay these to keep them from voting. During this time period they only liked the wealthy people to vote so they made poll taxes to help achieve that. -
literacy tests (1889-1910) Aprox. Date
Literacy test were given to African Americans to take in order for them to be able to vote they had to pass them. The creators of the literacy test made them very hard to pass so it was very unlikely for someone to able to pass. By making them very hard to pass this helped limit the number of African American that could vote. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
United States Supreme Court decided the jurisprudence upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities. They come to the decision that fcilities should be "separate but equal". The facilities were never really equal. -
19th Ammendment
The 19th amendment allowed American women the right to vote. During this time period women did not have the same rights as men did, including the right for them to vote. After the 19th amendment was passed women started to earn more rights and start to become equal to men. -
Sweatt v Painter
Court case that challenged the "seperate but equal" doctorate. A african american was refused admission to law school at the University of Texas. The courts made a law school for the african americans but it was not equal in any way. Their school had 5 professors compared to the 19 at the University of Texas' Law school. The african americans then filled a lawsuit stating that their facillities were not equal! -
Brown vs Boad of Education
The courts decided that the state laws that had seperate schools for the African americans and White Americans is unconsitutional. Withan anatomous vote of 9-0 the ruled that the facilities were "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges Hall is an American activist known for being the first African American child to attend an all-white elementary school in the south. She attended William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. She was one of many African American students in New Orleans who were chosen to take a test determining whether or not she could attend a white school. The test was extremely difficult for the students to pass, but she passed and started to attend school. She wrote the book Through My Eyes -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a 13 month long mass protest that ended with the U.S Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. The boycott started because African Americans were not allowed to sit on the bus or they would have to sit in the back of the bus. This made many African Americans mad which led to a major protest. The president of this boycott was Martin Luther King Jr. he demonstrated the potential for a nonviolent protest to successfully challenge racia -
Affirmative Action
First used in US when Kennedy signed the Executive Order 10925. It pupose is to promote equal opertunities for minority groups within society. -
The 24th Amendment
Before the 24th amendment was passed some citizens had to pay a poll tax in order to vote. After the 24th amendment was passed citizens no longer had to pay a poll tax. But when the 24th amendment was passed five southern states, Virginia, Alabama, Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi still had poll taxes. Now after this amendment was passed these 5 southern states no longer have poll taxes. -
civil rights act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 said that no one could be discriminated by race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This also got rid of any segregation in public places. The Civil Rights Act created equality for men and women. The Civil Rights Act was proposed by President John F. Kennedy and was made a law by Kennedy’s successor, Lyndon B. Johnson. -
voting rights act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was aimed to overcome barriers of not allowing African Americans to vote. This act was passed by Lyndon B. Johnson. When this act was passed African Americans could now vote without having to pay a poll tax or having to take a literacy test to be able to vote. -
Loving v Virginia
This case was about interracial marriages. Mildred Loving, a black woman, and Richard Loving, a white man,had been sentenced to a year in prison in Virginia. They were sentenced for marrying each other. They ruled his prohibition was unconstitutional therefore ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States. -
Robert kennedys speech in indianapolis upon death of MLK
Robert F. Kennedy gave a speech in Indianapolis about the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Kennedy was the senator from New York who was campaigning to earn votes for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination when he was informed about Martin Luther King Jr. being assassinated. Before he left Kennedy went to 17th and Broadway and addressed the crowd, many who had not been informed on his assignation. He offered brief, impassioned remarks for peace. His speech is considered to be one of -
Reed vs Reed
Equal protection court case. This case prohibitted administrators of estates cannot act in a way that discriminates between sexes. A couple were both applying for a petition and the male recieved it because "males are prefered to females". -
Regents of University of California v Bakke
This case allowed for race to be a factor of college admistion. The court decider that 16/100 seats were set aside for minority students. This ways a way the court made sure the schools were intergrated. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This was a proposed amendment that was garentee equal rights for women. This amendment recieved 35 out of the nececary 38 states need to pass an amendment. Later five more states took back their votes before the deadline in 1979 deadline. This ammendment did not get ratified. -
Bowers v Hardwick
The court decided that oral and anal sex is not llegal. The court described it as an "imfamous crime against nature". Cheif Justice Blackmun wrote: "That certain, but by no means all, religious groups condemn the behavior at issue gives the State no license to impose their judgments on the entire citizenry. The legitimacy of secular legislation depends, instead, on whether the State can advance some justification for its law beyond its conformity to religious doctrine."[ -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990. This widespread law prohibits the discrimination of people with disablities. Later President George W. Bush ammended this act with changes effective in 2009. -
Korematsu v United States
This case dealt with the Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japenese Americans to internment camps during WW1.In a 6-3 decision, the Court sided with the government. This ruled that the exclusion order was constitutional. -
Lawrence v Texas
Case that was like Bowers v Hardick.This made same-sex sexual activity legal. It was a 6-3 vote on this issue. -
Fisher v Texas
This case has to do with admissions at Univerity of Texas at Austin. Abigail Fisher asked that the Court declare the University's race-conscious admissions inconsistent with Grutter. This happenend in 2003 establishing that race had an appropriate but limited role in the admissions policies of public universities. Abigail challenged this ruling. It was decied by a 7-1 vote. -
Indiana Same Sex Marriage Laws
There was a lawsuit that challenged the state's refusal to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples, Baskin v. Bogan. It was granted then it was repealed two days later. This has then been appealed again and again. It has finally reacted the United States Supreme Court.
