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Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1890 Louisiana adopted a law providing separate but equal accommodations which in theory are the Jim Crow laws. For this case it involved the railroad in which passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Segregated Car. He was brought to court in New Orleans. the court ruled that a state law causing a legal distinction between blacks and whites which did not interfere with 13th and 14th amendment
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1942, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) became one of the leading activist groups in the early years of the American Civil Rights Movement. In the 1960s, CORE worked with many civil rights groups, creating many events: the Freedom Rides, aimed at desegregating public facilities, the Freedom Summer voter registration project and the historic 1963 March on Washington.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson -
Jackie Robinson
In 1947 baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson during his first season Robinson won the National League Rookie award as well as helping the Dodgers to the Championship which started the first of his six in total trips to the World Series in 1949 Robinson won the league MVP an dwas inducted into the hall of fame in 1962
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/jackie-robinson -
Sweatt v. Painter
Argued in April 4, 1950 was the case concerning a African Americans admission into the University of Texas Law School. while at first petitioner was denied admission to the state supported law school only on the grounds that he is of African American race. he was offered but refused his enrollment in a segregated school. according to the state both schools were considered equal.
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/339/629/case.html -
Brown v. Board of Education
May 17, 1954 The U.S. Supreme Court gave a ruling that overturned the provisions of Plessy v. Ferguson which allowed for separate but equal facilities. This case called for these facilities being inherently unequal. In the end this state back of sponsored segregation was broken.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
This groups main purpose was to advance the cause of civil rights after the Montgomery bus boycott while doing so in a non violent manner. This group is all of the civil rights groups across the country put into one meeting place almost like the government that we have functioning today in America
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/southern-christian-leadership-conference/ -
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Southern Manifesto
The Southern Manifesto was a document provided by one hundred members of congress called a Declaration of Constitutional Principles this document criticized the supreme courts decision for brown V. Board of education as well as still promoting the use of segregation nation wide
http://n.pr/2o49mj4 -
Greensboro Sit-in
At first there were only four African American students that had began to perform the sit ins inside of desegregated buildings where the white people would retaliate by beating them and arresting them even though they were peaceful and not disrupting anyone http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/the-greensboro-sit-in -
Little Rock- Central High School
Nine African american students enrolled in a School in Little Rock Arkansas. while in 1954 the supreme court declared segregation in schools unconstitutional. on the first day of classes Governor Orval Faubus ordered the national guard to bar the African American students form entering the school later Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort the students
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration -
Freedom Rides
On May 4, 1961 a group of 13 African American and White Civil Rights Activist boarded two buses that were headed into the deep south. The riders tried to use white only areas such as restrooms and eatery's. Public Safety Commissioner Bull Connor knew that violence awaited the riders in Anniston Alabama
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides -
James Meredith
"In late September 1962, after a legal battle, an African-American man named James Meredith attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Chaos briefly broke out on the Ole Miss campus, with riots ending in two dead, hundreds wounded and many others arrested, after the Kennedy administration called out some 31,000 National Guardsmen and other federal forces to enforce order."(History.com Staff)
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/ole-miss-integration -
Medger Evers
Medger Evers was a NAACP field secretary and a target for those who opposed racial equality and desegregation. Evers was shot in the back at his house in Jackson, Mississippi. His accused killer was Byron De La Beckwith who escaped conviction although due to evidence was retried
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/medgar-evers -
March On Washington
On August 28, 1963 more than 200,000 Americans gathered in our nations capital for the March On Washington for Jobs and Freedoms. This is when Dr.King gave his famous " I Have A Dream" Speech which was a spirited call for racial equality.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/march-on-washington -
Bombing of Birmingham Church
Birmingham was a major target for civil rights activist to help desegregate the deep south. While Dr. King had been arrested he wrote a letter to local white ministers justifying his decisions to not call off the protest
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/birmingham-church-bombing -
Twenty Fourth Ammendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.
https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xxiv -
Selma Montgomery March
In Early 1965 Selma Alabama was on the SCLC's radar and once again they were trying to increase the registration of black voters in the south. The marchers were met with violent resistance by state and local authorities
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/selma-montgomery-march -
Mississipi Freedom Summer
The Mississippi Freedom Summer includes both the organizations of CORE and SNCC that organized a voter-registration drive aimed at increasing voter registration rates. This "Summer" faced much retaliation fro the Ku Klux Klan and Police carrying out many violent stacks.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act# -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating committee
This group organized the freedom rides as well as the historic march on washing ton where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I have a dream speech" after capitalizing on the Greensboro sit ins how ever throughout the Vietnam war era the group became more militant and disbanded
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/the-greensboro-sit-in -
Civil Rights Act Passed
This act ended segregation in public places and banned discrimination when it comes to the hiring of workers on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. This is considered one of the major legislative moments of the civil rights movement.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act# -
Malcom X Assasinated
"in June 1964 founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity, which advocated black identity and held that racism, not the white race, was the greatest foe of the African American. Malcolm’s new movement steadily gained followers, and his more moderate philosophy became increasingly influential in the civil rights movement, especially among the leaders of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee" (History.com staff) http://bit.ly/1lATEnS -
Voting Rights Act Approved
"The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States." (History.com Staff)
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act -
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Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party is a aggressive group of African American civil rights activist who did not take the route of non violence. Instead they showed aggression to anyone who happened to be terrorizing there neighborhoods the party was at its peak in 1966 with 2,000 members.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Panther-Party -
Martin Luther King Assassination
"A Baptist minister and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), King had led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using a combination of powerful words and non-violent tactics such as sit-ins, boycotts and protest marches (including the massive March on Washington in 1963) to fight segregation and achieve significant civil and voting rights advances for African Americans." (History.com staff)
http://bit.ly/1v0B75e -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The boycott was when African Americans refused to ride the city buses to protest segregated seating
