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Plessy Vs. Ferguson
Plessy sat in a "whites only' railroad car in 1892 and was arrested. Ferguson overruled and said that the separate but equal law was not violating the 13th and 14th ammendments. The Supreme Court overruled Ferguson and said it was a violation. the case was then dropped. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537 -
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Medgar Evers
MedgerBorn July 2nd, Medgar is known for his Civil Rights activism. He helped not only gain rights for people of color in Mississppi but he was also a WWII Veteran. His fight for civil rights was sparked upon his return from war when he found that the color of his skin dictated what he could and couldn't do, while his white counterparts were recieving praise and benefits for their service. Evers is also known for his activism for ending segregation at the University of Mississippi, a white college. -
CORE
Was founded by a group of interracial Chicago students. They organized sit-ins at rallies. These students created a group that become one of the leading activist organization in the civil rights movement.
http://www.core-online.org/History/history.htm -
Jackie Robinson
The first African American in baseball. He was later named rookie of the year, National League MVP and World Series champ. Branch Rickey found Jackie while he was playing in the Negro Leagues and signed him to play for the Montreal Royals. He was the first black player to compete in the Major Leagues. He lead the League with a .349 batting average.
http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813#breaking-the-color-barrier -
Sweatt v Painter
Sweatt enrolled into the University of Texas Law School and was denied. He filed suit and the case was brought to the Supreme Court, which ruled that Texas Law school was in violation of the fourteenth amendment. The Supreme Court made it so that public education systems had to allow black students.
https://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/clark/sweatt_long.html -
Brown v Board of Education
There were five different cases that the Supreme Court trialled under one name which was Brown v Board of Education. Marshall decided that the laws weren't equal and it went against their rights. the Court ruled that it was against the constitution.
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was the one who got this movement going. By sitting in the front of the bus and refusing to give her seat up to a white man, she was arrested and that sparked a movement. Martin Luther King was in charge of this peaceful rally. They put notes on the buses reminding blacks to not take the bus and to walk. The people were fighting against Jim Crow Laws in the most peaceful way they could. This continued until November 23, 1956.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp -
The Southern Menifesto
Was made because the supreme court believed that no one should have direct power over another group. They believed that in the Brown v Board the fourteenth amendment was used incorectly because it never states anything about education. They wanted to keep segregation in the states.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/sources_document2.html -
SCLC
The group started fter the bus boycotts. Martin Luther KIng Jr got together with other independent black churches to support the activities of groups of nonviolent protesters. the SCLC acted as an umbrella organization, unlike others that sought out individual groups. http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_southern_christian_leadership_conference_sclc/ -
Little Rock Nine
NIne African American stdents were persistent to attend th eformorly all white school. They were kept from getting into the school by the National Guard brought in by the govenor of Arkansas. President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to escort and keep these nine black students safe. Thierfirst official school day was on Septmber 25. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration -
Greensboro Sit-In
Greensboro Sit-InFour African American college students protested against segregation by sitting at the whites only counter at a Woolsworth lunch counter. These boys came and peacefully protsted at this counter everyday by just sitting. They didn't talk or move until the restaurant closed. The boys statement caused for a movement to travel across the south with more pople doing this. Most were arrested or beaten up by whites. This action though seems small had a large and imediate impact, that forced change. -
SNCC
Was formed to give younger blacks a voice in th ecivil rights movement. Ella Baker wasafraid that black youth didnt have nough of a voice in the SCLC so she put together a group just for them. They startedmore rallies and movements to get desegregation moving at a faster pace. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sncc -
Freedom Rides
A group of 13 African American and white civil rights activists started a series of bus trips through the south to protest segregation.They tried use the whites only designated places and vice versa. They recieved violent treatment from white protestors but they also gained followers.http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides -
James Meredith
He aplied to an all white shool and was admitted but his admittance was revoced when they found out his race. He took it to the supreme court which ruled in favor and made Ole MIss accept him.When he went to schedule his classes he found the door was blockd. Presedent Kennedy sent in troops to guard him. Meredith became the first African American to graduate from the University of Mississippi. http://www.biography.com/people/james-meredith-9406314#early-life -
Letters From Birmingham Jail
Letters
In 1963, MLK was sent to jail in Birmingham for protesting the treatment of black citizens even after there was a court order mandating he was barred from doing so. He spent 11 days in prison. -
March on Washington
The March On Washington was a mass gathering to protest segregation in America. More than 200,000 demonstrators showed to show their support for the cause. http://goo.gl/dTh8et -
Bombing of Birmingham Church
In September of 1963, a historically Black church was bombed by white extremists belonging to the KKK resulting in the deaths of 4 young girls.
https://goo.gl/xSYleZ -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment to the United States constitution enacted the abolishment of the poll tax, making it easier for low income classes to vote.
http://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xxiv -
Mississippi Freedom March
An event held to register Black Citizens to vote, also known as the Freedom Summer. Aimed to help increase the population of voters in Mississippi. Many seeking to register to vote were met with resistance from KKK memebers, Police, and Government officials. False arrests were made, and 3 were murdered. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-summer -
Civil Rights Act
Outlawed discrimination and segreation due to race, sex, religion, or nation of origin, however did not end the KKK. http://goo.gl/b8YSFn -
Malcolm X Assassinated
Malcom X was assassinated whilst giving a speech by a member of the Nation of Islam, just one week after his home was firebombed.
http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/21/malcolm-x-assassination-records-nypd-investigation -
Selma to Montgomery March
A non violent march led by civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in 1965 in protest of voting laws and bring awareness to the small portion of black voters within the US. Lasted 5 days in total over a 54 mile march from Selma to Montgomery
http://goo.gl/xtRq2J -
Voting Rights Act
Bans racial discrimination in voting practices done by the federal government as well as local and state governments. Known as one of the most effect civil rights act ever passed
http://goo.gl/09HGj2 -
The Black Panthers
In April 1967, on the 25th, the first issue of The Black Panther, the news organ that would spark the Black Panther Party, goes into circulation. The Blank Panther party is known for its ongoing battle against racism in the U.S.
https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/ -
MLK Assassinated
On the 4th of April, 1968 Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered by a sniper, while staying on the second floor of a motel and preparing for a march on Washington to lobby
against Congress on behalf on the poor citizens of America.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination
