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Scott v. Sanford
Court ruled that African Americans, whether free or enslaved, were not American citizens, and could not sue. The Court also ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the U.S. states. -
Reconstruction & Reconstruction Amendments (1865-1877)
AMENDMENTS: 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
13th- Abolished slavery 14th- Citizenship! [If you're born here, you're a citizen. If not, you can be naturalized!] 15- Black men can vote! Reconstruction was the attempt to fix segregation and racism, and alter the social and political stigmas with African Americans and white people. -
Jim Crow Era (1877-1950s)
Jim Crow laws were laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Plessy v. Ferguson was a constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
19th Amendment (1920)
WOMEN CAN VOTE!!!!!!!! -
Scottsboro Boys (1931-1937)
A group of 9 black boys falsely accused of rape by 2 white women, who had many due process violations put onto them.
1 boy faced the death penalty, while the others, life in prison. -
George Stinney case (1944)
A 14 year old African-American boy convicted of murder as a result of a racially-biased and discrimination in his home, South Carolina. He is one of the youngest people in the United States in the 20th-century to be sentenced to death and to be executed. -
Brown v. Board
A United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws separating public schools unconstitutional. (Refer to Doll Test) -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended discrimination in public and banned employment discrimination on the basis of color, race, religion, sex, nationality, e.t.c. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Enacted to help in prevention of voter discrimination, like poll taxes, literacy tests, e.t.c. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Prevents housing discrimination, or housing refusal to those because of race, e.t.c. -
California v. Bakke (1978)
A school tried setting aside 16 chairs purely for African American applicants to spread diversity, but that was seen as reverse racism, and it was banned. This is one case where affirmative action was denied. -
Gratz v. Bollinger
This is regarding the University of Michigan undergraduate affirmative action policy. The University's point system was ruled unconstitutional upon examination. -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board (2007)
An attempt to integrate schools in Louisville that was passed (but ultimately barely worked). -
Shelby County v. Holder
A case regarding the constitutionality, which requires some state’s and local governments to obtain federal preclearance before implementing any changes to their voting. This eliminated preclearance enforcement.
