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scott v. sanford
ruled that slaves (or descendants of slaves) were not citizens of the united states, they were property -
Period: to
reconstruction era
the era after the civil war; focused on bringing the country back together and confirming the outlaw of slavery. the federal government worked hard to make sure there were no loopholes for the south. plus, one condition to rejoin the union was to ratify to 14th amendment -
Period: to
jim crow era
time after the reconstruction era, racism raged in the united states. there were laws called jim crow laws that were created for white southerners to enforce racial segregation across the south. -
plessy v. ferguson
ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was equal, established the plessy standard: "separate but equal" -
19th amendment
women's suffrage (right to vote). the right to vote may not be abridged by sex -
Period: to
scottsboro boys
nine boys were accused of raping two white women in a train car. eventually, they were all proven innocent- but not all of them were still alive to hear the news (had passed of old age or other reasons) -
george stinney case
a 14-year-old black boy was accused of murdering two white girls. his court case was riddled with violations of due process, ultimately ending in his sentence to the death penalty. -
brown v. board
ruled that segregated schools were not legal, as they did not pass the plessy standard. (a young black girl named Linda fought for integrated schools (through her parents as legal representatives). she argued that segregated schools were inherently unequal, even if all tangible qualities were the same. this is because the effect segregated schools had on children wasn't equal.) -
civil rights act of 1964
the most comprehensive civil rights legislation ever enacted by congress. contained extensive measures to abolish jim crow laws and racial discrimination. if states continue with jim crow laws, they'll lose federal funding -
voting rights act of 1965
outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states, including literacy tests and other measures. included preclearance, which said that certain states (depending on their history) had to get approval from the federal government before passing a law that had to do with voting -
shelby county v. holder
eliminated preclearance enforcement from the voting rights act of 1965