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Plessy v. Ferguson
This is one of many laws and events that restricted African Americans and their rights. Along with the Jim Crow laws, this created separate schools, restrooms, and waiting rooms between the blacks and whites. Of course, the whites always had the better environment in their separate places. -
NAACP
NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This organization protects the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all people. -
Race riots
There were a lot of race riots throughout the 1900's, but more and more started to happen in the 1940's. One big one was the Detroit race riot in 1943. This created craziness in a already overpopulated city due to the job opportunities if the auto industry. Many federal troops came into action, as a result many people, mostly African Americans, were wounded or killed. -
De jure vs. De facto segregation
De jure segregation is segregation that existed because of local laws. While De facto segregation is segregation that existed because of neighborhoods and voluntary associations. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme court case in which separate public schools (black v. white) were declared unconstitutional. This overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson, making this case a huge civil rights success. -
Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a teenage African American who was caught "flirting" with an older white woman. A couple nights later, the woman's husband and half brother abducted Emmett. Three days later, after being brutally beaten and shot, Emmett was found dead. Emmett's mother decided to have an open coffin to show the world how horrible this occurrence was. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
An African American women, Rosa Parks, refused to give her seat to a white man on a bus. This led to Rosa being arrested and fined, then later a court hearing. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa parks was an African American civil rights activist. In 1955, Rosa was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus to a "higher class" white man. -
Little Rock School Integration
This was the enrolling of nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School. This was possible because of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. -
The Sit-Ins
These were protests in Greensboro, North Carolina where four black students sat in a "whites only" place and started a pattern for other blacks to do the same. This led to the Woolworth department store to remove its policy of racial segregation. -
Freedom Rides
Civil rights activists rode interstate buses into the southern parts of the United States to claim segregated buses unconstitutional. -
March on Washington
Martin Luther King jr. makes a political speech for human rights on the Lincoln memorial. This was the largest political rights rallies in United States history. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
This was political movement by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference that brought attention to the integration efforts of African Americans. Birmingham, Alabama was one of the most racially separated cities in all of America. -
24th amendment
The 24th amendment prohibits any poll tax in elections for federal officials. Until supreme court rule in 1966 Virginia, Alabama, Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi still retained poll tax. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was a human rights activist and was very influential towards the rights of blacks. To this day, Malcolm X is considered one of the greatest African Americans ever. However, Malcolm was also Muslim and didn't agree with the Nation of Islam or its leader, leading Malcolm's assassination. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This newly created law outlawed discrimination against race, religion, color, sex, etc. The law was made official by in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr./Gandi/Thoreau/Randolph
Dr. Martin Luther King was terrific with his civil rights movements and is a huge reason as to why America's society has improved a great amount since his time. However, he wouldn't have been able to do it without the examples and philosophies in civil rights of Gandhi, Thoreau, and Randolph -
March from Selma to Montgomery for Voting rights
This was a march in 1965 from Selma to Montgomery for the voting rights movement. African Americans were excersizing their constitutional right to vote. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This law prohibits racial segregation in voting. This was put into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the civil rights movement. -
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party were armed citizens patrolling the behavior of police and the act of police brutality. Panthers were often killed, which led to them receiving more support in society. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the first African American to be selected into the supreme court. Before that, Marshall was a lawyer who was very famous for his arguments in Brown v. Board of education.
