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Missouri compromise
An effort made by congress to get rid of sectional and political rivalries due to Missouri requesting in 1819 to allow slavery in the state. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg was a battle field in the center of Pennsylvania. This battle marked the turning point of the civil war. There were the most casualties during this war than any other war in Civil War. The Union defeated the Confederate, which stopped General Lee from advancing to the North. -
Dred Scott vs. Stanford
Dred Scott was a slave. When his owner moved to a free state, Scott felt that he had the right to sue for his freedom. Protected by the 5th amendment, a slave was considered property, so he could not sue. The Supreme court decided that a slave could not become a US citizen, and therefore could not take action against the Supreme Court. -
Lincoln elected president
Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States. Although he only captured the attention of only 40 percent of the election votes, he out scored his 3 other opponents. Lincoln would faces the hardest task as a president during his term, bringing the split country back together. -
Baltimore Riot
Baltimore was populated by people who were anti-war. As tensions rose because of the approaching civil war Anti-War Democrats and Confederate Sympathizers began a conflict with the Massachusetts Militia when they were going to Washington. The resulting deaths were the first of the Civil war. -
Camp Jackson Affair
Union soldiers captured a pro-secession state militia in Camp Jackson, located outside of Saint Louis, Louisiana. The soldiers also battled with pro-secession rioters in the Saint Louis. -
Emancipation Proclamation
On January 1st 1863 Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation which was a Presidential Proclamation and executive order that made owning slaves illegal under federal law. -
Southern bread riots
Tensions caused by poverty eventually escalated to riots where women and men were breaking into shops for food. -
New York draft riot
What caused the new york draft riots was the increased tensions due to competition with newly freed slaves in jobs. There was also increased tensions because of the new Federal Law that required all men from 20-35 unmarried to enter the draft lottery unless they paid the government $300. Newspapers began writing articles specifically to incite the working class. These tensions reached a climax when the first pulling of the lottery happened on July 11th. After that 5 days of bloodshed and riots -
13 amendment
Formally abolished slavery. Passed by the senate on April 8, 1864. It was ratified on December 6, 1864. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” -
Charleston Riot
Charleston had been divided. The Union and the Copperheads were the 2 groups that formed at the beginning of the war. The tension between the 2 groups really started to heat up, and on March 28, the first shot was fired. The 2 hour riot ended with 9 people dead and 12 injured. -
14 amendment
This amendment gave an person who was born on US soil the right to be a United State citizen. This also included any slave that was free upon being born. It also expanded the rights of citizens by granting them all the civil rights, but also cited more legislation than any other amendment. -
15 amendment
The 15th amendment gave African American men the right to vote in elections. No person could be turned away to cast a vote based on their race or previous condition of servitude. Although it was passed, it was not enforced in the southern states until the voting rights act of 1965. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
Decision made by the supreme court requiring “racial segregation” in public places. “Separate but equal” -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
"To ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination." -
Red Summer
The Red Summer was the summer of 1919 defined by a huge string of race riots across the country. In most cases it was white attacking blacks. The cause was most likely higher racial tensions after the whites came back from world war 1. -
Chicago Riots
The most notable riot of the Red Summer. Over 38 deaths (25 black, 13 white). There was also prominent arson and looting. -
Palmer Raids
These Raids were a series run by the United States Department of Justice. The purpose was to arrest the people that supported left handed politics. These were people that supported social equality. -
American Civil Liberties Union
How to challenge the civil rights violations. It stands for the American Civil Liberties Union. This union formed on January 19, 1920. -
19 amendment
The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. Woman did not share the same rights as men do. This included wages, and voting rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed a convention and demanded rights for woman. Along with Mott and Antony, the 3 formed a group and after the 70 year battle the amendment was passed. -
KKK March
The Ku Klux Klan marched in Washington DC. It was the first national demonstration of this organization. -
CORE
The congress of racial equality is formed. This was one of the 4 big racial orginizations. -
Relocation of Japanese Americans
Relocation of people with a Japanese ancestry during WWII. 62% of the interns were American citizens -
Detroit race riot of 1943
The riot broke out in Detroit, Michigan and lasted for around three days.
The riot began among youths at Belle Isle Park on June 20 and continued until June 22, after 6,000 federal troops were called in to restore peace. A total of 34 people were killed, 25 of them black and most at the hands of police; 433 were wounded, 75% of them black; and property valued at $2 million (at the time) was destroyed. -
Executive Order 9981
Truman signs executive order 9981 which abolished racial discrimination in the US Armed Forces. -
Brown Vs Board of Education
The supreme court case that ruled segregation in schools were unconstitutional. -
Montgomery bus Boycott
When Rosa Parks was on her way home after work, she sat down in the white section of the bus. Parks was a black seamstress and would stand on her feet all day. A few stops latter, white man wanted to sit down, and asked her to get up. She refused. Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving her seat up for a white man. -
Little Rock Crisis
The National Guard surrounds Little rock High School in Arkansas to ensure that the school is integrated and to preserve the peace due to the violence the nine African-American students, who were enrolled at the school, experienced when trying to enter the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This was the first civil rights legislation passed by congress. This was directly after the Brown vs. Board of education, when they let blacks slowly integrate into public schools. This act gave people the right to vote without being forced or persuaded a certain way. -
Angela Davis
Counterculture and radical activist in the 1960’s as a leader of the Communist Party USA. She also had close relations with the Black Panther Party -
Bailey vs Paterson
African Americans in Jackson Mississippi challenged that there was racial segregation on transportation. They applied for injunctions to enforce their rights. A supreme court ruling of 9-0 ruled that no state could require or order racial segregations. -
MLK Letter from Birmingham jail
Open letter written by MLK written to state that people have a moral responsibility to get rid of unjust laws imposed on the people. -
Martin Luther King Jr. arrested in Birmingham
During an anti-segregation protest MLK Jr was arrested. While in jail he wrote the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” stating the importance of civil disobedience, but you also have to face the consequences of civil disobedience. -
March on Washington
More than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington D.C. for a political rally for Jobs and Freedom. -
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
The pregnancy discrimination act relates to woman who has given birth to a child, being treated for the condition, or someone who is currently pregnant. This act gives women the right to take time off of work, and give them rights through healthcare. -
Columbia Avenue Riots
Police responded to a domestic violence call at the corner of 22nd street and Columbia Avenue. A rumor was spread saying that a white officer had beaten a black pregnant woman to death and that caused a commotion. Citizens started attacking the officers with brings and other things. -
Mississippi Summer Freedom Project
Civil rights activists looked for black citizens for them to register to vote. Three of them are killed and many homes and churches of black people were burned down. The National outrage that came from this helped pass the Civil Rights Legislation. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
This act was passed on July 9, 1964. President Johnson started the integration of people of color to attend schools. Along with that, the act also stated that employee discrimination was illegal. Finally it stated that public areas could not be segregated. -
New York Race Riots
One of the first in a series of race-related riots. The riot began in Harlem, NY after an off duty white officer shot a 15 year old on July 18, 1964. Around 8,000 Harlem residents took matters into their own hands and started a large scale riot that lasted for over 6 days resulting in one death, over one hundred injuries and 450 arrests. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was assassinated by a rival Black Muslim organization which he was previously part of while he was speaking at a rally for his organization, Afro-American Unity. -
March on Selma
The protesters attempted to march from Selma to the State Capital of Montgomery where they met with a resistance formed by the states local authorities. The protesters finally achieved their goal after 3 days of marching under the protection of the National guard troops. -
Civil Rights act of 1965
Through the states and local governments it use to be legal to discriminate people of color in voting. The federal government passed the Voting Rights Act (VRA) that made it illegal for states governments to discriminate people of color by the act of voting. -
Watts Riot
A black motorist was arrested for driving while drunk. A fight broke out at the arrest and this escalated to full blown riots. The riots continued for 6 days. Over 40 million dollars of property was damaged and 30+ people died. -
Black Panther Party
Black nationalist and socialist group active from 1966 to 1982. Their main purpose was to monitor the officer's behavior and challenge police brutality in Oakland, California. The group was composed of armed citizens who roamed the streets. -
Loving vs. Virginia
Supreme court says that rules prohibiting interracial marriage is unconstitutional. -
Buffalo riot
The Buffalo riots began when when a group of African American teenagers began cruising the neighborhood of William Street and Jefferson Street in Buffalo New York and were breaking car and store windows. Police responded with 200 riot police later in the night and it only kept escalating. They were many African Americans, two cops and one firefighter were injured in the first night and the riots stopped, but in the morning they picked back up with more fire and lootings. The police responded w -
Fair House Act
This act gives the buyer the right to rent or buy any piece of land. The seller could not deny a person based on their race, sex, religion, or nationality. -
Assassination of MLK Jr.
MLK was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee when he was shot in the neck. He was then rushed to the hospital and pronounced dead an hour later. His assassination rushed Lyndon B. Johnson to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1968 otherwise known as The Fair House Act. -
Los Angeles Riots
Also known as the “Rodney King Riots” there were occurrences of looting, arson, and civil disturbances caused by the murder of Rodney King. Rodney King was killed by police and the courts found them not guilty of murder as the officers claimed self defence. -
Laquan Protests
Laquan Mcdonald was killed by policy and a lot of people were protesting.This happened after Ferguson so it was assumed riots would break out, and the police and city prepared. But no riots took place, and only peaceful protests occurred.
