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Dred Scott v. Sandford
The supreme court ruled that Americans who were of African descent did not have the ability to sue in federal court and were not citizens even if they are not slaves -
13th amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery and involuntary solitude, except when applied as a punishment for a crime -
14th Amendment
All people who are born or naturalized in the United States are citizens and the states cannot pass or enforce any laws that abridge citizens privileges and immunities -
15th Amendment
A citizens right to vote will not be abridged or denied by the states due to skin color, past servitude, etc. -
Plessy v Fergudon
Upheld segregation laws as long as the segregated space is of the same quality as the other space -
19th Amendment
States cannot deny someone's right to vote based on their sex -
Brown v Board of Education
A court case which ended in a unanimous vote that said racial segregation of children in public schools is unconstitutional -
Affirmative Action
First created by an executive order which was signed by John Kennedy and it required government employers to not discriminate against any applicant because of their race, nationality, etc. -
24th Amendment
A citizen's right to vote will not be abridged by the state through any kind of poll tax -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was a landmark for civil rights and it outlaws discrimination based on race, religion, sex or national origin. It also prohibited unequal voting requirements and racial segregation -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This was used to help overcome legal barriers at both state and local levels that tried preventing African Americans from voting -
Reed v Reed
This was an equal protection case that ended up ruling that administrators of estates cannot be named that discriminates between sexes -
Equal Rights Amendment
This was a proposed amendment that was made to guaranteed rights for all citizens regardless of their sex -
Regents of The University of California v Bakke
This court case upheld affirmative action which allowed the race of someone to be a determining factor in college admission -
Bowers v Hardwick
A court case that upheld that privately doing some gay things is illegal and that it is a criminal act -
Americans with disabilities act
Prohibits discrimination based on someone's disability -
Lawrence v Texas
A case that decided that laws that prohibit private homosexuality are not constitutional -
Obergefell v Hodges
The fundamental right to marry applies to same-sex couples
