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Plessy vs. Ferguson
First major inquiry into the meaning of the fourteenth amendment, separate but equal doctrine -
NAACP
A biracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by whites -
Brown v. The Board of Education
1954 Supreme court case where it was ruled that separate but equal laws in schools was unconstitutional
(Thurgood Marshall) -
Thurgood Marshall
Marshall was the supreme court's first African American justice, he used his position of power to help the NAACP, and won the Brown vs the Board of Education case -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and economic protest against the bus system, to get rid of segregation (Rosa Parks) -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks the secretary of the NAACP, chose to be the face of the bu boycott by refusing to move from her seat on a Montgomery bus -
Emmett Till
A 14 year old African American boy, who was killed over flirting with a white women in a store, prompting for African Americans to realize how dangerous this world really is for them -
Little Rock School Integration
A group of 9 teenagers in Little Rock Arkansas were sent to a all white high school, in hopes of making desegregation in school more acceptable/ popular (Emmett Till) -
Freedom Rides
A civil rights activist who rode buses through the South during the early 1960s to challenge segragation -
The Sit Ins
People sat in places where only whites were allowed and refused to move, resulting in many arrests of African American people -
De Jure vs. De Facto segregation
De facto segregation is segregation not mandated by law, de jure segregation is segregation that is mandated by law -
March on Washington
March to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
Martin Luther King marched with over a thousand children in Birmingham, the children were soon met with police force resulting with the arrest of 959 of them (Martin Luther King/ Ghandi/ Thoreau/ Rudolph) -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X led the unity rally in Harlem which was one of the nations largest civil rights events -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion in public and most workplaces -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment was ratified prohibiting a poll tax on any federal official election -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Law that made it easier for African Americans to vote eliminating the literacy and allowing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at a local level -
March From Selma to Montgomery for Voting Rights
A march from Selma to Montgomery which resulted in the federal voting rights legislation to protect African Americans from barriers that kept them from voting -
Black Panther Party
A group formed for self defense from police in African American neighborhoods -
Race Riots
The beating and murder of cab driver John Smith by police sparked many race riots which at times were dangerous -
Martin Luther King
Led many marches and gave speeches to empower black Americans to make change, and enforced the usage of peaceful protest
