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First major inquiry into the meaning of the fourteenth amendment, separate but equal doctrine
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A biracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by whites
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1954 Supreme court case where it was ruled that separate but equal laws in schools was unconstitutional
(Thurgood Marshall) -
Marshall was the supreme court's first African American justice, he used his position of power to help the NAACP, and won the Brown vs the Board of Education case
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The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and economic protest against the bus system, to get rid of segregation (Rosa Parks)
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Rosa Parks the secretary of the NAACP, chose to be the face of the bu boycott by refusing to move from her seat on a Montgomery bus
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A 14 year old African American boy, who was killed over flirting with a white women in a store, prompting for African Americans to realize how dangerous this world really is for them
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A group of 9 teenagers in Little Rock Arkansas were sent to a all white high school, in hopes of making desegregation in school more acceptable/ popular (Emmett Till)
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A civil rights activist who rode buses through the South during the early 1960s to challenge segragation
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People sat in places where only whites were allowed and refused to move, resulting in many arrests of African American people
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De facto segregation is segregation not mandated by law, de jure segregation is segregation that is mandated by law
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March to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans
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Martin Luther King marched with over a thousand children in Birmingham, the children were soon met with police force resulting with the arrest of 959 of them (Martin Luther King/ Ghandi/ Thoreau/ Rudolph)
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Malcolm X led the unity rally in Harlem which was one of the nations largest civil rights events
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Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion in public and most workplaces
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The 24th amendment was ratified prohibiting a poll tax on any federal official election
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Law that made it easier for African Americans to vote eliminating the literacy and allowing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at a local level
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A march from Selma to Montgomery which resulted in the federal voting rights legislation to protect African Americans from barriers that kept them from voting
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A group formed for self defense from police in African American neighborhoods
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The beating and murder of cab driver John Smith by police sparked many race riots which at times were dangerous
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Led many marches and gave speeches to empower black Americans to make change, and enforced the usage of peaceful protest
