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13th Amendment
Pssed by congress on January 31, 1865 and ratified on December 6, 1865 this amendment abolished slavery in the United States provides that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall be duly convicted -
14th Amendment
Ratified on July 9, 1868 during the Reconstruction era. The 14th amendment is the most complicated and the one that has had the more unforeseen effects. Its broad goal was to ensure that the civil rights act passed in 1866 would remain valid. -
15th Amendment
This amendment granted African American men the right to vote. Ratified on February 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th Amendment would not be fully realized for almost a century -
Jim Crow
The Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws enacted between 1876 and 1965 in the United States at the state and local level. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. The separation in practice led to conditions for African Americans that were inferior to those provided for white Americans. -
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Poll Tax
As part of the Jim Crow laws it was put in to limit African american voters. having a tax to vote would make it almost impossible for poor african americans. The grandfather clause was put in place as a loophole for poor whites. it said that any grandfather who could vote before the abolition of slavery could vote. So the only people who couldnt vote were former slaves and imigrants. -
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Literacy Test
Along with the Poll tax that was established to resrtict african american voters, the literacy test was the second step to voting. After you paied, you took the "Impossible test". it was a test about american history and questions that "whites would know. it also included if you could speak english correctly and so on. why it was called the imppossible test was because former slaves never learned to read or write. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
was a supreme court decision upholding the constitutionally of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the "seperate but equal" doctrine. -
19th Amendment
the 19th amendment prohibits any united states citizen to be denied to vote based on sex. women didnt have the right to vote untill 1919 when congress submitted the amendment for ratification. -
Affrimitive action
Affirmitve action is basiclly giving everyone an equal right to employment.These measures are intended to prevent discrimination against employees or applicants for employment on the basis of "color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Korematsu v. United States
February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, granting the U.S. military the power to ban tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas deemed critical to domestic security. A 6-3 majority on the Court upheld Korematsu's conviction. -
Sweatt V, Painter
A supreme court case that successfully challanged the seperate but equal act. The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education. At the time, no law school in Texas would admit black students, or, in the language of the time." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter -
Brown v. Board of Education
supreme court case that declared state laws establishing seperate public schools for blacks and whites was unconstitutional. the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. therefore this case was a huge victory for the civil rights movment. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges is an American activist known for being the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South She attended William Frantz Elementary School. Her parents were Abon Bridges and Lucille Bridges -
24th Amendment
This amendment passed by Congress on January 23, 1964 to make poll taxes illegal for federal elections. This was a tax that was a way to try to keep African Americans from voting. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
the civil rights act of 1964 was a landmark peice of legislation in the united states that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The voting rights act of 1965 which prohibited racial discrimination in voting was signed into law by president johnson during the height of the american civil rights movement on august 6th, 1965. According to the U.S. Department of Justice the act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country. The act was also put in place to enforce the fifteenth admendment -
Loving v. Virginia
Virginia's statutory scheme to prevent marriages between persons solely on the basis of race. In June, 1958, two residents of Virginia, Mildred Jeter, a Negro woman, and Richard Loving, a white man.Lovings returned to Virginia and established their marital abode in Caroline County. A grand jury issued an indictment charging the Lovings with violating Virginia's ban on interracial marriages -
Robert Kennedy's Speech
His speech was given on april 4th 1968 in indianapolis indiana. soon after kennedy had heard mlk was shot he went ahead and gave his speech in the african american ghetto. Kennedy offered brief, impassioned remarks for peace that is considered to be one of the great public addresses of the modern era. -
Reed v. Reed
An equal protection case that decided that women discrimnation was against the the 14th amendment. A sepreted couple that fought over custody of there children. The law was in favor of the male. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
In this supreme court case they decided that haing racail quotas for colleges was unconstitutional. The Universtiy of Claifornia reserved only 16 out of 100 seats for admissions for minorities. The court ruled they can only use race as a factoe in a constituional way -
Equl Rights Amendment
it was designed for equal rights for women. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution does not protect the right of gay adults to engage in private, consensual sodomy. Hardwick was aressted for not showing up to court an public drinking. When the police find him partaking in oral sex in his home the areest him under the violation of the Georgia Sodomy Statute. -
Poll Taxes
As part of the Jim Crow laws it was put in to limit African american voters. having a tax to vote would make it almost impossible for poor african americans. The grandfather clause was put in place as a loophole for poor whites. it said that any grandfather who could vote before the abolition of slavery could vote. So the only people who couldnt vote were former slaves and imigrants. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination based on disability. Unlike the Civil Rights Act, the Americans with disabilities also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations. -
Lawrence v. Texas
The Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas.Lawrence was arrested under the charges of sodomy but under the suspiotions of haing weapons. Homosexual Conduct law was unconstitutional because it discriminated against homosexuals in violation of the right to privacy and the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. -
Bowling v. Pence
U.S. District Judge Richard Young ruled in favor of plaintiff same-sex couples seeking respect for their marriages performed in other states.The ruling is stayed pending further action from the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit. -
Baskin v. Bogan
State's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples, was filed in federal district court on March 12, 2014.Young found in favor of the plaintiff couples, granting them summary judgment and striking down Indiana's ban on same-sex marriage.A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld the district court ruling in a unanimous decision on September 4.
