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Brown v. Board of Education
The Brown v. Board education took place in Topeka, Kansas. Oliver Brown took his eight year old daughter to public school in Topeka. She was then denied admission into a white elementary school. NAACP took this case to the U.S Supreme Court. The court ruled 9-0 to overturn to declare of separate but equal. The Supreme Court ruled out that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. -
Murder Emmet Till
In August 1955, 14 year old Emmet Till was killed. He was accused of whistling at a white women Carolyn Bryant. Her husband Roy Bryant and J.W. Milan kidnapped Till. Three days later Till was found in Tallahatchie River. Emmet was found brutally murdered, his eye was detached his ear was cut off. His mother Mamie Till insisted on an open-casket at his funeral services. NAACP used his death to strike against racial injustice and terrorism. -
Rosa Parks and Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was arrested for a felony of not moving
seats. This day the Montgomery bus was reserved for whites and seats behind for blacks. Asked to move by a white manRosa did not give up her seat, to which caused her to be arrested. She was later fined ten dollars. Black communities would later boycott buses on the day of Parks' trial. Later (MIA) was formed to manage the boycott, Montgomery Improvement Association. Supreme Court ruled bus had to let black ride. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The SCLC was founded in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King Jr. and 60 other pastors advocated segregation through civil dissent. Black church pastors coordinated events for black people. Marin Luther King Jr. was selected as the first president. He tried so use a non-violent strategy. The SCLC had registered blacks to vote. They focused on citizenship schools and efforts toward the black community. This organization moved to fight for the civil rights and efforts to desegregate. -
Little Rock 9
The "Little Rock Nine," were nine teens who were the first African American students to enter Little Rock's Central High School. These nine teens wanted to go to a white school. The night before the teen’s first day of school, governor of Arkansa called the National Guard. Immediately upon arrival these nine students were surround by mob preventing them from entering. President Eisen Hower sent 1,200 military men to escort students from home to school. -
Greensboro Sit Ins
Four college students sat down at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter. They were refused serve and told to leave. Word later spread and sit-in movements spread all over the south. Day after day many came back through protest to get served. Students around the south great in numbers over one thousand. Many were arrested for trespassing and disturbing peace. With many students protest and actions they forced Woolworth’s to change their policies. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom riders was a group of four hundred thirty six individuals that participated in bus trips around the south. They started in Washington D.C to the deep segregated south. All of these freedom riders were from thirty nine different states. The groups were confronted by many challenges. They were confronted by police officers and violence on their routes. They were blocked by the KKK, tires were slashed. One bus fire builded the bus and just many other horrific violence. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a protest that involved 250,000 people. They gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. this was a peaceful and respectful gathering in history. This March on Washington involved jobs and freedoms. This event focused on the challenges and inequalities many African Americans faced. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous “I Have a Dream speech”. He was the best speaker of that day. -
Civil Rights Act
In Washington D.C 1964, Congress enabled the federal government to prevent racial discrimination and segregation. This civil right act prohibits discrimination on basis of race, color, religion or national origin. This act put a end to racial discrimination and public accommodations. This helped with public education and assisted programs. This act also had anyone who disturbed the right to vote from anyone they would introduce a penalty. -
Assassination of Malcom X
Malcom X was a Muslim American minister. He was the spokesman for the Nation of Islam. He expressed anger frustration towards the major phase of the civil rights movement. In 1964, Malcom left the Nation of Islam. Later he founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. While he gave speeches about solutions to racial problems. Due to this he received many death threats from the nation. On February twenty one, 1965, Malcom was assassinated while at Audubon Ballroom. They found he was shot twenty one times. -
Selma to Montgomery Marches (Bloody Sunday)
Six hundred marches were lead by an activist John Lewis wanted to walk fifty four miles to Montgomery to register to vote. They went across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. They then faced attacks from state troopers who were waiting. This was fight of racial injustice. As many saw the violence the troopers put onto these marchers. Troopers brutally beat them. -
Voting Rights Act
In Washington, D.C. Lyndon B. Johnson enabled the right to vote for African Americans. The United States prohibited racial discrimination in voting. After eight days after Martin Luther King led the peaceful March in Selma, Alabama. He passed a federal voting right act to let no federal, state or local government can get in the way from anyone voting. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King
After the sanitation workers protest in Mephis. He went back to his motel. The hotel he stayed in was Lorraine Motel in Mephis, Tennessee. While standing on a balcony outside the son-floor room, Martin Luther King got shot on his lower Igor side of his face. After the news of his assassination broke out many major outbreaks of racial violence resulting in deaths. Later James Earl Ray was sentenced to 99 years. His death marks the end of the civil rights movement.