-
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled that separate-but-equal facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. -
NAACP
NAACP was founded in 1929. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was a civil rights activist who won many cases against the Supreme Court. His greatest was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka which ruled that "separate but equal" in schools was unconstitutional. -
Rosa Parks
Refused to give up her seat in the colored section in a bus to a white person when all of the whites seats were filled. This influenced the Montgomery Buscott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
When Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person, the news spread rapidly all over the country. Leaders in the African American communtiy suugested a boycott, which could hopefully bring change. -
Little Rock School Integration
Known as the "Little Rock Nine", these nine African American students volunteered to integrate Little Rock's Central High School. The students were chastised and threatened. NAACP members arranged to drive the students to school. -
De jure vs. De Fact segregation
De jure segregation was racial separation established by law. De facto segregation was racial separation established by practice and cutstom, not by law. -
The Sit-Ins
Sit-Ins were designed to stop and prevent segregated public places. Slowly but surely, in the South, restauraunts began to ban segregation. -
Freedom Rides
The Freedom Riders was to try to desegregate travel facilities. On their rides, they would be pulled over and beaten, their tires would be blown, and so on. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
On May 2, more than a thousand African American children marched in Birmingham, police arresting 959 of them. On May 3, a second march was held with police sweeping marchers off their feet with high-pressure fire houses, and set attack dogs. -
March on Washington
More than 250,000 people, including about 75,000 whites converged on the nation's capital. There, people listened to speakers who demanded the immediate passage of the civil rights bill. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Was one of the most effective, brave and courageous civil rights activist. King recited many speeches, but the best of all was his "I have a Dream" speech. This speech of his recognized the wants and needs of Blacks during the time period they were in. -
24th Amendment
Gave citizens the right to vote if they have failed to pay any poll tax or other tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
March from Selma to Montgomery for voting rights
Six hundred protestors set out for Montogmery, where televison cameras captured them being swung on with whips, and clouds of tear gas causing them to fall. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This was a law that made it easier for American Americans to vote by eliminating literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level. -
Race Riots
One of the worst race riots in the nation was through the streets of Watts, a black neighborhood in Los Angeles. Thirty-four people were killed , and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property was destroyed. -
Black Panther Party
Black Panther Party was founded in 1966. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an civil rights activist and also a participant in Muslim faith. He often encouraged people to defend themselves against angry, and aggressive whites by "any means necessary."
