-
13th Amendment Ratification
The 13th amendment abolished slavery and servitude, with an exeption for those carrying out prison sentences as punishment for a crime Released many african americans from the confines of slavery, allowed for them to start their own lives, families, etc. Inevitably led to the Civil Rights movement. -
14th Amendment
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment made it illegal to practice voters discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or wether or not they were previously slaves. Protected African American and other ethnicities’ rights as well as give them the freedom to vote. Made sure that any man could practice their democratic obligation to vote, and prevented people from blocking african american’s and other minorities from voting. -
Tuskegee Institute Creation
The Tuskegee Institute is a college in Alabama that is a historically black college to provide african americans with equal education after public school. The school was significant because it gave african americans the ability to gain vocational and academic training. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Black Americans and White Americans were separate, on a purely legal standpoint, but equal on a constitutional standpoint. Stated that segregation was legal and constitutional, as long as they were equal. Segregated Americans into groups: White and Colored. The groups alienated african Americans into feeling inferior and ‘below’ white americans. Sparked the Civil Rights movement when Colored people started fighting back against segregation. -
NAACP Creation
The NAACP is a group dedicated to protecting the rights of african americans and defending them in the court of law The NAACP has supported many groups of people in providing them lawyers, money, etc to go to court to fight for their constitutionally-granted rights, including equal protection under the law, an end to slavey, male suffrage, and to remove all barriers of discrimination through democratic processes -
19th Amendment Ratification
The 19th amendment prevents the denying of voting rights on the basis of sex; it grants women the ability to vote and practice democratic duties This gave all american citizens the right to vote and certified that American women had citizenship, power in the future of their country, allowing them to empower themselves and the country. -
Equal Rights Amendment Proposition
The ERA was a proposed amendment that would guarantee equal legal rights to any citizen regardless of sex The amendment would prevent anyone from being discriminated against in the court of law in terms of marriage, property, divorce, and employment as well as uphold constitutional values -
Cesar Chavez
1927-1993
Founder of the National Farm Workers Association, and strong advocate for the civil and working rights of Mexican Americans. Chavez was a supporter of nonviolence movements, including organizing a grape boycott that gained rights for the migrant workers. He was very significant in the civil rights movement for Mexican Americans, making strong headway in their quest for equal rights. He also helped migrant workers gain better working conditions and a higher pay through boycotts. -
Chicano Mural Movement
1940's-1960's The Chicano movement was a civil rights movement encompassing the Mexican-Americans of the nation, and it fought for farm worker’s rights, equal educational opportunities, voters rights, and restoration of land. The Chicano movement made society aware of the trials and tribulations Mexican Americans faced every day, and was significant in the civil rights that it helped Mexican-Americans gain. -
Executive Order 9981
Issued by President Truman, this order abolished discrimination against anyone regarding race, color, religion, or ethnicity in the US armed forces. Would later lead to complete desegregation of the Armed Forces and provide opportunities for American minorities to serve their country -
Brown v. Board of Education
A court case in 1954 that resulted in the unconstitutional ruling of separate but equal in the public education system A landmark case that ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, kickstarter of the nationwide movement to integrate public schools -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Dec 5th, 1955 - Dec 20th, 1956
A boycott of the public transportation system after the arrest of Rosa Parks, the boycott was so effective that it led the Supreme court to rule that segregated buses were unconstitutional in Browder v. Gayle. The boycott was so significant because it was a peaceful protest that resulted in such a monumental change. -
Little Rock Nine
The little rock nine were nine african american students that were the first african americans to attend central high school, a newly integrated high school in little rock, arkansas. These students are significant because they paved the way, enduring harsh words and hostile situations, for african american students in the united states to receive the same education as white students in an integrated location. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formation
An African-American civil rights organization. First president was MLK, starting his career as a civil rights activist. Main goal was using nonviolence to fight for rights and desegregation. The SCLC was successful in organizing many nonviolent marches, freedom rides, and voters registration for african americans -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
A voting rights bill that ensured all americans had the right to vote The bill was significant because it made sure that African Americans had the right to vote -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Formation
The committee was a key advocator for desegregation and integration of african americans through nonviolent methods. The students’ significance is immeasurable as they organised sit-ins, boycotts, voter education projects, and grassroots organizations. They were the main channel of student activity in the civil rights movement. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-Ins
Four students went to a lunch counter in downtown Greensboro, which had a policy of refusing service to non-whites. Once the students were refused service, they stayed at the counter, not giving up their seats. After the original four, sit-ins spread nationwide, sparking a peaceful movement that got many arrested and harassed. The forced integration of the activists had a lasting impact on restaurants around the nation, as they successfully integrated their facilities. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom riders were civil rights activist in the African-American movement that rode buses to promote integration of public transportation. Freedom riders were hugely significant to the civil rights movement because they were instrumental in the desegregation of the public bus systems. They endured harsh mobs, violent actions, and beatings from the angry white public. -
24th Amendment Ratification
The 24th amendment made it so that states could not charge a poll tax on voters, nor deny voters from voting because of failure to pay a tax. This amendment was significant due to the fact that before the amendment, African Americans were denied access to voting booths due to high taxes. With the ratification of the amendment, african americans could exercise their right to vote, granted by the 15th amendment.
