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served as a forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the civil rights movement.
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Movement had grown to 170 members in 34 States.
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Opening the door for another movement that allowed women, especially after the riots in Springfield, Illinois
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New York City by an interracial group of activists, partially in response to the 1908 Springfield race riot in Illinois.
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This became the leading publication for Black writers and it still in publication today
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NAACP Challenges the Grandfather Clause and won
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10,000 people participated in the New York City Silent march protesting lynchings and violent actions against Black People
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By this eaar there had more than 90,000 members and over 300 branches
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purpose was to develop black economic power through collective planning.
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It took over 100 to finally get the Anti-lynching law passed.