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Brown vs. Board of Education
the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause -
Emmett Till Murder
14-year-old Emmett Till, visiting family in Money, Mississippi, was kidnapped, beaten, and murdered for allegedly whistling at a white woman, Carolyn Bryant. His brutal killing, followed by an all-white jury's acquittal of his killers, sparked outrage and became a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Parks's arrest and subsequent boycott by Black citizens led to a successful legal challenge that ended segregated seating on buses. -
The Little Rock Nine and Integration
The Little Rock Nine were nine African American students who defied segregation by enrolling at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957 -
Greensboro Woolworth's Sit-ins
four Black students, known as the Greensboro Four, sat at a "whites only" lunch counter at Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave when denied service -
Freedom Rides
a series of nonviolent protests in 1961 and 1962, where African American and white activists rode buses into the segregated South to challenge discriminatory laws and customs regarding interstate bus travel -
MLK’s Letter From Birmingham Jail
defends his nonviolent protests and the need for direct action in fighting segregation, responding to criticisms from white clergymen who urged patience -
March on Washington
a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement, held on August 28, 1963, in Washington, D.C. It drew an estimated 250,000 people to the National Mall to demand civil rights and an end to racial discrimination. -
Birmingham Baptist Church Bombing
As a bomb exploded under the steps of the church, they sought safety under the pews and shielded each other from falling debris. In the basement, four little girls were killed—14-year-olds Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and 11-year-old Cynthia Wesley. -
“Bloody Sunday”/Selma to Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday" refers to the brutal attack on peaceful civil rights marchers on March 7, 1965, during the Selma to Montgomery marches. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark U.S. civil rights and labor law that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
24th Amendment
Amendment Twenty-four to the Constitution was ratified on January 23, 1964. It abolished and forbade the federal and state governments from imposing taxes on voters during federal elections. -
Loving v. Virginia
the U.S. Supreme Court declared all state laws prohibiting interracial marriage unconstitutional. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act was enacted on August 6, 1965, and it prohibited states from imposing qualifications or practices to deny the right to vote on account of race