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Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court landmark case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
A civil rights organization in the United States, founded in 1909 to advance justice for African Americans. -
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation
De Jure segregation is enforced by law. De Facto segregation happens "by fact" and is not mandated by the government. -
Thurgood Marshall
Counsel to the NAACP, tried to get rid of segregation and make all people have equal rights. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
A decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws about racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are equal. -
Emmett Till
Till was in Money, Mississippi in 1955 visiting family when he was caught whistling at Carolyn Bryant, who was a white woman at a grocery store. Four days later her husband kidnapped Till and beat him then murdered him. -
Rosa Parks
Refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama city bus. She was arrested, which led into many protests around the area. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A political and social protest against the policy of segregation on the public train transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Little Rock School Integration
A group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. Their enrollment was followed by a huge crisis, in which all nine students were prevented from entering the segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. -
The Sit-ins
Multiple non-violent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina. The sit-in protests led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the southern United States. This was a big part of the civil rights act of 1964 being passed. -
Freedom Rides
Civil rights activists who rode on interstate buses to the southern part of the United States in 1961 to try to stop segregation in interstate transportation. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
Led by the Southern Christian leadership Conference who were trying to bring national attention of the local black leaders to desegregate pubic areas in Birmingham, Alabama. -
March on Washington
A full march on Washington specifically for jobs and freedom of African Americans. -
Malcolm X
An activist who gave the "message to grassroots." Gave a speech in Detroit, Michigan which talked about his basic black nationalist philosophy and made him a major part of the civil rights movement. -
24th Amendment
The rights for any U.S. citizen to be able to vote in any election for President or Vice President. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A civil rights labor law in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on color,race,religion,sex or natural origin. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr./Gandhi/Randolph
King is best known for advancing civil rights through non-violence and civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence using the same tactics and inspired King a lot. King won the Noble Peace Prize for getting rid of segregation without violence. King called Randolph the "True dean of Negro Leaders." -
March from Selma to Montgomery for Voting Rights
In an effort to register black voters in the south there was a 54 mile march from Selma to the capital of Montgomery. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated racial discrimination in voting. -
Black Panther Party
A political organization formed by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to give the police a challenge and try to get them to stop brutality against African Americans. -
Race Riots
A public fight or outbreak between two racial groups in a community.
