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In 1954, in Brown V. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the integration of public schools. The landmark decision ended an era of "separate but equal" treatment of African Americans that in practice had proven everything but equal.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation in the public transit system in Montgomery. -
The Albany of movement began in the fall of 1961 and ended in the summer of 1962. It was the first mass movement in the modern civil rights era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community, it resulted in 1,000 African Americans in Albany.
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"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
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Browder v. Gayle ruling stated that any law requiring racially segregated seating buses violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment -
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Six months after protests, arrests, and press conferences by the Freedom Riders, the Interstate Commerce Commission, finally outlawed the discriminatory seating practices on interstate bus transit and ordered the removal of "whites only" signs from the interstate bus terminals by November 1.
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The Birmingham Campaign also known as the Birmingham movement was an American movement organized in early 1963 by Southern Christian Leadership
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The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom brought over 200,000 people to the national capitol to protest racial discrimination and show support for civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, and race in hiring, promoting, and firing.
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson and aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote.
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The Poor Peoples Campaign was to created to address issues of unemployment, housing shortages for the poor, and the impact of poverty on the lives of millions of Americans.
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In 1971, the Attica State Correctional Facility in upstate New York was overcrowded and the conditions for prisoners were inhumane. The new commissioner of correctional services, Russell Oswald, asked for more time to make the reforms. Prisoners then took over the facility and kept 40 hostages.
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State of Union according to delegates to the first National Black Political Convention, March 10-12, 1972. The disparate group included elected officials and revolutionaries. Delegates created an agenda with stated goals including the election of a proportionate number of black representatives in Congress.
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Ruth Batson of the NAACP and other activists investigated Boston Schools and found major differences and inequalities in the staffing, supplying, and maintenance of schools that served mostly white or mostly black students.
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In 1974, Allan Bakke, a white applicant to medical school, sued the University of California, claiming that he suffered discrimination when less qualified minority students were given places in the medical school class that rejected him. Bakke's lawyer argued that constitutional rights were meant for individuals and not racial groups.