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Brown vs. The Board of Education
Involved was Oliver Brown, 12 parents, and the Board of Education in Topeka Kansas. Brown and the parents wanted to challenge the ¨separate but equal¨law because it was not true that white schools had a separate education. The Supreme Court ruled out separated schools. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
It was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on public transit system in Montgomery, Alabama. Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest, ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. -
Little Rock Nine
9 African American students who were able to enroll and attend a white school. They were not allowed to attend a white school but these nine students managed. The Supreme Court declared segregation on school unconstitutional. -
Sit-Ins
Group involved 4 black college students from North Carolina. Students asked for service in which they refused and were asked to leave because of the injustice and sparked sit-ins in North Carolina in protest to segregation. -
Freedom Riders
Group of African American and white civil rights activists who traveled in interstate buses in segregated areas. Pressure on Kennedy to push for rights. -
Birmingham Demonstrations
series of campaigns launched to integrate the black society into Birmingham. The demonstrations were met with violent attacks in which the protesters were attacked by police, dogs, and fire hoses. The results were that the President at the time finally addressed the problem and helped push for Civil Rights. -
March On Washington
March for jobs and freedom.Occurred in Washington D.C. It was held by civil rights leaders to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress. The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress.