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Period: 451 to 451
The council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon was a church council held from October 8 to November 1, AD 451, at Chalcedon, on the Asian side of the Bosporus, known in modern times as Kadıköy in Istanbul, although it was separate from Constantinople. -
Period: Jan 1, 1346 to Jan 1, 1353
Black Death
The Black Death arrived in Europe by sea in October 1347 when 12 Genoese trading ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina after a long trip through the Black Sea. The people who gathered on the docks to greet the ships were met with a truly shocking and terrible surprise: Most of the sailors on the ships were dead, and those who were still alive were very seriously ill. They were overcome with fever, unable to keep food down and insane from pain. Strangest of all, they were covered in myster -
Period: Jan 1, 1517 to
The Reformation
The Protestant Reformation, often referred to simply as the Reformation, was the schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli and other early Protestant Reformers. -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563
The council of Trent
Held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent) and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. -
The first Vatican council
Pius IX Vatican I. This council was called by Pope Pius IX by the bull Aeterni Patris of 29 June 1868. The first session was held in St. Peter's basilica on 8 December 1869 in the presence and under the presidency of the Pope. -
The second Vatican council
The Second Vatican Council addressed relations between the Roman Catholic Church and the modern world. It was the twenty-first ecumenical council of the Catholic Church and the second to be held at Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The council, through the Holy See, formally opened under the pontificate of Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in 1965.