-
Wuchang Uprising(XinHai revolution)
A group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty. Which lead to the proclamation of the Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen. Hence ending the imperial system of the last Qing Empire. However, the Republic struggled to consolidate its rule amid regional warlordism and the communist party rose. -
Period: to
Chinese History of The 20th Century
-
Republic Of China Was Established
By 1912, the Republic of China was established in Nanjing -
Yuan ShiKai Declared himself Emperor in 1915
Yuan Shikai was a general in the old Dynasty and was really politically ambitious. And in 1912, he struck a deal with Sun Yat-Sen saying that if he could officially abdicate Emperor PuYi, he would be the president of the Republic of China. So he did become the president of the Republic of China. However, that was still not enough for him, so in 1915, he decraded himself to be the emporor. -
Yuan ShiKai Abdicated
In 1916, Yuan Shikai passed away and abdicated from being the Emperor. -
Period: to
Warlord Era
The Warlord Era was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which were spread across the mainland regions.
The era began when Yuan Shikai died in 1916, and lasted until 1928 when the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) officially unified China through the Northern Expedition, marking the beginning of the Nanjing decade. Another saying is that it ended in 1930. -
May Fourth Movement
The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student participants in Beijing on 4 May 1919, protesting against the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsingtao. -
The Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. -
The death of Sun Yat-sen brings Chiang Kai-shek to the fore
Chiang Kai-shek broke with the Communists and confirms the governing Kuomintang as a nationalist party. -
Shanghai Massacre
In April 1927 Guomindang forces, aided by urban gangsters and warlord militia, attacked members of the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai. Hundreds of communists were rounded up, arrested and tortured; most were executed or assassinated.
The events of April 1927 marked the end of the First United Front between the CCP and Guomindang and the end of Soviet Russian support for the Nationalists. -
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought from 1927 to 1950. Because of a difference in thinking between the Communist Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT), there was a fight for legitimacy as the government of China. -
Nanchang Uprising
Nanchang Uprising was the first war fought between the communists and the Kuomintang and was the trigger of the Official start of the Chinese Civil War. -
Period: to
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought from 1927 to 1950. Because of a difference in thinking between the Communist Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT), there was a fight for legitimacy as the government of China. -
Second Sino-Japanese War(Only Parts Of China)
On September 18th, 1931. The Japanese invaded China during the Mukden Incident. -
Period: to
The Second Sino Japanese War
Fourteen years of fighting against the Japenese until its defeat. The war kicked off after the Mukden Incident, however, the fighting was only in some parts of China, and not all. So in 1937, the war officially started as KMT and CPC nominally united due to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, and the war happened all over China, not only parts of China. It finally ended on the 15th of August, 1945 when Japan Surrendered. -
Mao Zedong-Communist leader
Mao Zedong emerges as Communist leader during the party's "Long March" to its new base in Shanxi Province. -
Period: to
The Long March
The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army as they were almost defeated by the KMT. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. And it was during the Long March that Mao started showing leadership. -
The Second United Front
Kuomintang and Communists nominally united against the Japanese.
After the death of Sun Yat-Sen, the Kuomintang and the communists remained in conflict until the mid-1930s, when Mao asked Chiang to unite and fight against the Japanese. Although Chiang was less concerned about fighting against the Japanese, Zhang XueLiang secretly talked with the communists about uniting and kidnapped Chiang to Xian to unite with the communists.
So in 1937, the KMT nominally united the Communists. -
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known by Lugou Bridge Incident or Double-Seven Incident. Marco Polo Bridge Incident, (July 7, 1937), a conflict between Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army near the Marco Polo Bridge outside Beiping (now Beijing), which developed into the warfare between the two countries that was the prelude to the Pacific side of World War II. -
The Continuation of The Chinese Civil War
After the defeat of the Japanese in World War II in 1945, a full-blown
civil war erupted again in 1946. The Nationalists were backed by the United States and the Communists was supported by the Soviet Union. -
Mao led the Communists to victory against the Nationalists
Mao Zedong, having led the Communists to victory against the Nationalists after more than 20 years of civil war, proclaims the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, the fighting continued until Feb of 1955. Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong also met for a series of talks on the formation of a post-war government. In the end, the Nationalists retreated to the island of Taiwan and set up a government there. -
Battle of Chamdo
The Battle of Chamdo occurred from 6 through 19 October 1950. It was a military campaign by the People's Republic of China to retake the Chamdo Region from a de facto independent Tibetan government after months of failed negotiations on the status of Tibet.
The campaign resulted in the capture of Chamdo and further negotiations between the PRC and Tibetan representatives that eventually resulted in the incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China. -
the Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1962. The campaign was led by Chairman Mao Zedong and aimed to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a socialist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization. However, it is widely considered to have caused the Great Chinese Famine. -
Great Chinese Famine
The Great Chinese Famine was a period in the People's Republic of China between the years 1959 and 1961 characterized by widespread famine. The great famine was caused by a combination of adverse weather conditions, social pressure, economic mismanagement, and radical changes in agriculture imposed by government regulations. Although the relative weights of the contributions are disputed. Estimates of deaths due to starvation range in the tens of millions. -
Red Guards
Red Guards were a student mass paramilitary social movement mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution. -
Period: to
The Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution was launched in 1966 under Mao's command, and this was to reassert his authority over the Chinese Government because he thought that the Communist leaders were taking China to the wrong direction. However, in reality, he just wanted back his power he lost after the Great Leap Forward and be the leader of China again. Some say that the Cultural Revolution had some upsides, however, the revolution did much more bad than good like the killing of 1.5 million people. -
U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China
The visit ended several decades of wary relations between the US and China that had seen the two countries spar in the Korean and Vietnam wars. It also succeeded in creating a new balance in the Cold War that positioned China closer to the US. Equally, it began the long process of opening up China to the outside world after years of isolation, a process that has ultimately led to the emergence of China as a major world power. -
Death of Mao Zedong
On September 9, 1976, Mao died from heart attack.