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1300
Methods of infanticide
(from antiquity to the 4th century A.D.) The image of Medea transcends ancient childhood, because here the myth merely reflects reality. Some facts are more important than others, and it has a profound effect on surviving children when parents often solve their parenting problems by killing them. For those who are allowed to grow up, the intentional response is paramount, and the concreteness of the reversal is evident in the child's generalized sodomy. -
1301
Ambivalence (14th-17th centuries):
When children enter the emotional life of their parents, they remain vessels of dangerous projection and it is their job to shape it. From Dominique to Locke, there is no more popular figure in body sculpture than children who consider themselves molded in soft wax, plaster or clay. Great ambivalence marks the pattern. -
1354
children are problems
- 354-430 years. It developed from the Confessions of St. Augustine, whose theology refers to the fact that man is born of sin, and therefore the child is a living image in freedom.
- As a result, many children do not have warmth in the home, do not have a mother's love and are rejected by their families.
- Infanticide, abortion, banishment, abandonment and wet-nursing were customs of the time.
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1400
State of abandonment (4th-13th century )
When parents begin to accept that the child has a soul, the only way to avoid the danger of their own projection is to give it to a monastery or convent, to an adoptive family. of other nobles' houses as servants or hostages or severe emotional neglect at home. A symbol of this approach may be Griselda, who so willingly left her children to show her love for her husband. -
1401
children and born wicked
-15th century. Based on the assumption of St. Paul, where the original sin of Adam and Eve is mentioned in the Bible as inherited by all, so that only through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, man can be restored to the state of grace with God, children are understood as beings full of evil, subject to cruel physical punishments to dominate them, and are cared for by third parties or abandoned. -
1501
children as property
While the ideal education of the child is debated, the reality is different. Children become property or financial assets. Among peasant families in England. The most extreme treatment of children as property is slavery. In North America, children born to slave parents belonged to their masters, not their biological parents, could be sold, had no law to protect them, and were solely responsible for raising them to their masters' standards. -
1501
children as well as young adults
16th and 17th centuries. Children are considered socially capable of the same behaviors as adults, the differences being their size and level of experience, and they do not leave home to go to school. In England or France, children sleep with adults, wear the same clothes, do the same work and even play the same games.
The family fulfills a function: the transmission of life, property and the family name, but it is hardly saturated with emotions -
Being a son as a white board
JOHN LOCKE postulated that it spread that a child is like a blank page on which there is nothing written and therefore neither good nor bad, that children are nothing, that their character can be formed, that they learn through the experiences of the senses that are not innate. knowledge or skill. Assuming that education is to turn boys into educated men, the ideal is the image of the English gentleman. Moral education is more important than acquiring knowledge and skills. -
Intrusive mode (18th century):
The sharp drop in projections and the near disappearance of inversion is an achievement of the great transformation in parent-child relations that took place in the eighteenth century. The child is no longer full of dangerous projections, the parent no longer just explores his mind with an enema, but comes closer, tries to conquer the mind, control the mind, anger, needs, masturbation, obstinacy. -
children are friendly by nature
- In 1762, JEAN-JACQUES ROSSO put forward the idea that a child is in good form and should accept natural impulses as they are. "A child is born good, but society corrupts him. According to him, the main purpose of education is to strengthen independent judgment. When children are faced with conflicting values or social pressure, they must learn to be self-reliant and trust their own reasoning
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Socialization (19th to mid-20th century):
As projection continues to weaken, raising a child is no longer a process of conquering his will, but a discipline that guides him on the right path, teaches him obedience, and integrates him into society. . Most people still think of the socialization model as the only one in which parenting can be discussed, and it has been the source of all psychological models in the 20th century, from Freud's "impulse wiring" to Skinner's behaviorism. -
.baby as primitive life
- In the 20th century, childhood is considered similar to primitive development, and the development of spiritual life is like the development of life: plants, animals, people. - It is believed that children are shaped by the habits, passions and ideals of those around them and are impressed by everything they see and hear, good or bad. It is believed that parents must impose daily responses in life to ensure their continued success and provide various stimulating stimuli.
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A child as a developing person
the term developmental stage referred to a period of life in which much behavior is determined by certain characteristics of a way of thinking or social relationships. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and Piaget's theory of cognitive development are the most famous theories in modern psychology. These theories differ in their specific content, but all agree that childhood consists of different stages in which children develop many logical thoughts -
International Congres
: First International Congress on Child Welfare where the Declaration was thoroughly discussed and approved by organizations and governments. -
Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN)
During the IV Pan-American Children's Congress, ten American countries sign the founding act of the Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN) -
The child is a playful being
Years 1946-1981. erikson in his book "toys and reason" mentions that children should play alone and defines play as the training of life p that allows him to build his identity "a child likes to play not because it is easy but because it is difficult for him - He criticizes those who understand playful activity as fun and do not consider it as child labor. -
UNICEF
The United Nations Children's Fund (known as UNICEF) is created. In its beginnings it focused on helping European children victims of World War II. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The UN proclaims the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which in its Article 25 says that "maternity and childhood have the right to special care and assistance" -
Aid State (since the middle of the 20th century)
The helping model includes the proposition that the child knows better than the parents what he or she needs at each stage of life, and that both parents are fully involved in the child's life, working to understand and meet his or her specific and changing needs. No attempt to discipline or form a "habit". Children do not whine or curse, and are forgiven for yelling at them when they are stressed. -
The child as a social subject of law
With the emergence of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the 1950s, children are considered as social beings with rights and duties. It establishes that society and the state must provide them with protection, education and care to satisfy their basic needs for the achievement of their integral wellbeing. -
Year of the Child
1979: the International Year of the Child was proclaimed by the UN -
The World Summit of Presidents for Children is held.
The CRC entered into force after being ratified by 20 countries.
The Organization for African Unity approved the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.
The World Summit of Presidents for Children is held.
The World Summit for Children adopts the World Declaration on Child Survival, Protection and Development, together with an action plan to implement it in the 1990s -
The UN General Assembly holds the Special Session on Children
2002: The UN General Assembly holds the Special Session on Children, a meeting in which specific issues on Children are discussed for the first time. Hundreds of boys and girls participate as members of official delegations, and world leaders commit to a pact on children's rights, called 'A World Fit for Children'. -
First Pan-American Forum for Children and Adolescents
First Pan-American Forum for Children and Adolescents (Lima, Peru, 2009) Analysis on the exercise of the rights of children and adolescents in the region. «balance, challenges and challenges». Violence and sexual exploitation. -
2019: Third Pan-American Forum for Children and Adolescents (Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 2019)
Third Pan-American Forum for Children and Adolescents (Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 2019) "Status of the rights of children and adolescents, challenges to 30 years of the Convention on the Rights of the Child". "Towards the eradication of all forms of violence and exploitation". «The challenges of child and adolescent participation for the different actors, 30 years after the Convention on the Rights of the Child».