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28th president of the United States: Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson had the vice president of Thomas R. Marshall, he was apart of the Democratic Party, and his years in office were 1913-1921. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was assassinated by a Serbian named Gavrilo Princip who was a member of the Black Hand, a nationalism group. -
Lusitania
The Lusitania, a British passenger boat, was sank/torpedoed by a German U-Boat. More than one thousand (1193) were killed. -
Sussex Pledge
This was used to meet the foreign-policy goals of both Germany and the United States and also kept the U.S, and President Wilson, out of the war. -
Election of 1916
"He kept us out of the war." This was a contested election and President Woodrow Wilson narrowly beat his Republican opponent, Charles Evans Hughes. That slogan helped Wilson's case for victory. -
Zimmermann Telegram
A German official named Arthur Zimmermann sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico asking them to become an ally of Germany in the war with the U.S, Mexico would gain back its territories in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. British intelligence intercepted this message and leaked it to the U.S newspapers, leading to opinions changing about joining the war with Germany. -
German unrestricted sub warfare
German leaders believed that if they sank all ships on sight, they could starve the British into submission in a few months. They believed this would draw the U.S into the war, but it would be too late for them to help. -
Russian Revolution
Demonstrators begging for bread took to the streets of Petrograd (St. Petersburg), and protested and did not leave the streets even when confronted by Russian police. 90,000 men and women were present at the protest. -
April 2, 1917
This was the date that Woodrow Wilson made the formal announcement that the U.S was declaring war on Germany. -
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
This committee was used to sell the war to American citizens. Headed by George Creel, the CPI recruited advertising executives, artists, entertains, songwriters, etc. to help sway public opinion. -
Selective Service Act of 1917
This act required all men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register in the draft and be randomly selected for war. -
The Espionage Act of 1917
This act made it illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or interfere with the war efforts. -
War Industries Board (WIB)
This was used to coordinate the production of war materials. At the height of their power, when it was run by Wall Street stockbroker Bernard Baruch, the WIB told manufacturers what they could produce and the prices that they were sold upon. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
This was a peace treaty between Russia and the Central Powers, which agreed to allow Russia to drop out of the war. In return, they lost Ukraine, Finland, and Polish and Baltic territories. -
Germany's Last Offensive Attack
On this date, the German launched a massive attack on the Western front, used gas and artillery. German forces, strengthened by Russian troops, pushed deep into allied lines. -
Sedition Act of 1918
This act made it illegal to speak against the war publicly. When in practice, it allowed officials prosecute anyone who criticized the government, leading to more than 1,000 convictions. This was very similar to the Espionage Act of 1917. -
Battle of Argonne Forest
American offenses were launched in the region of Argonne Forest and had 600,000 troops, 40,000 tons of supplies, and 4,000 artillery pieces for the most massive attack in U.S history. -
November 11, 1918
On this date, there was an armistice, an agreement to stop fighting, signed to end the "War to end all wars". -
Seattle Strike
25,000 more Union members joined the already striking 35,000 members and basically shut down the city of Seattle for several days before their orders were accepted. -
Red Scare
The strikes of 1919 fueled fears that Communists, or "reds", this led to a nationwide scare. It was scarily common for bombs to be used as a scare tactic. A lot of violence and bloodshed occurred again in these times. -
Bombings
In June of 1919, eight bombs in eight different cities exploded within minutes of each other, leading towards thoughts of a nationwide conspiracy. Most people believed the bombings were work of radicals trying to destroy the American ways of life. -
Treaty of Versailles
Negotiated in the Palace of Versailles, this peace conference formally ended World War 1 and wrote agreements for the countries involved in this war. -
Race Riots
In the summer of 1919, 25 race riots broke out across the nation. African American leader James Weldon Johnson called this summer, "the red summer", because the amount of blood that was spilled. There were many ranges of riots against blacks and whites, and there was a lot of violence during this era. -
Palmer Raids
A. Mitchell Palmer, one of the victims of the bombings in 1919, organized a series of raids on the offices of the Union of Russian Workers in 12 cities. Two months later, he ordered another series of raids, and this time was on the headquarters of various radical organizations. Nearly 6,000 people were arrested. -
Boston Police Strike
75% of the Bostonian police officers walked off of the job. Riots and violent outbursts overtook the city, and forced the city of Boston to call in the National Guard. Then, when the strikers tried to return, the governor of Boston just hired a new entire force. -
Steel Strike
One of the largest strikes in American history began when an estimated 350,000 steelworkers went on strike for higher wages, shorter hours, and recognition of their union. The head of U.S Steel, Elbert H. Gary, refused to talk to anybody about those issues. -
Election of 1920
The election of 1920 was between Warren G. Harding and James M. Cox. James M. Cox ran on a platform of progressive ideals. Warren G. Harding called for a return to normalcy. He argued that the U.S needed to return to the simpler days before the Progressive Era. Warren G. Harding won the election.