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Young Turks seize power in the Ottoman Empire
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Italian wars of unification begin
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Magyar rebellion in Austria
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Napoleon lll’s reign in France
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Russian serfs freed
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Italy unified after the annexation of the Papal States
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Garibaldi conquers the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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Austro-Prussian War
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Unification of Germany
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Franco-Prussian War
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Kulturkampf Germany
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Stock market crash spurs European anti-semitism
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France creates a secular public-school system
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1st Social Security Laws in Germany
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Witte initiates second Russian industrialization
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Revolution in Russia