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322 BCE
Aristotle explains the geocentric theory
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165
Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory
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1543
Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory
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1543
Andreas Vesalius published On the Fabric of the Human Body-dealing dissection of human bodies
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Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope
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Galileo developed the law of the pendulum
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Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion
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Francis Bacon published Novum Organum which encouraged the experimental method
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Galileo was put under house arrest by an Inquisition for supporting Copernicus’s theory
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Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer
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Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth his reasoning
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Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan social contract(people give up rights to a strong ruler who maintains order)
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The Baroque Period began in art, music, and architecture(Bach and Handel were composers)
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Robert Boyle created Boyle’s Law
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time
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Isaac Newton published his law of gravity
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John Locke explained his theory of “natural rights” (life, liberty, and property)
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Francois-Marie Arouet changed his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms
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when did Mary Astell wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies-addressing the lack of educational opportunities for women
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William Harvey showed the the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body
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Gabriel Fahrenheit made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass(32 freezing 212 boiling)
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The enlightenment despot, Frederick II, began his rule of Prussia
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Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer(0 freezing 100 boiling)
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Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws-detailing separation of powers in government
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Emilie du Chatelet(a mathematician and physicist) translate Newton’s work from latin into French
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Marie-Therese Geoffrin held her first salon of philosophes
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Denis Diderot published the first volume of the Encyclopedia- a collection of enlightened thinkers works
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Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract-free individuals
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Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Right of Women
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Cesare Beccaria published On the Crimes and Punishments-railing against common abuse of justice
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Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence
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Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen
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The enlightenment despot, Joseph II, began his rule of Austria
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The U.S. enacted the Constitution- establishing a federal system, separation of powers, checks and balances
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The U.S. Congress added the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments to the Constitution
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Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox
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The Classical Period began in art, music, and architecture(Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were composers)
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The enlightenment despot, Catherine the Great, Began her rule of Russia
