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Sand Creek Massacre
The Sand Creek Massacre was when an army of white American soldiers enter Native American land and fought the people. It was a massacre because 400 men, women, and children were killed. White Americans killed the Native Americans for land. -
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Chapter 17-Moving West
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The Thirteenth Amendment
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
The Thirteenth Amendment officially freed all slaves, in the Union and Confederate states. Four million people were freed from enslavement; however, this Amendment did not give African Americans rights. -
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Chapter 15-Reconstruction
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The Fourteenth Amendment
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.”
This is just a part of the whole Amendment, but this quote granted newly freed slaves citizenship. President Johnson originally opposed it, but Republicans overrode him. -
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Chapter 16- The Gilded Age
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The Klu Klux Act (The Third Force Act)
Violent groups in the South softened attacked innocent African Americans, such as the Klu Klux Klan, or KKK. The President of the time, Ulysses S. Grant sent military forces to control the violences of the KKK. However, after Reconstruction ended, soldiers were pulled from the South, leaving African Americans to the abuse of the KKK. -
Panic of 1873
A global depression and six year economic downturn. There was an increase production during the war, but then decreases after. A major company failed, the Jay Cooke Company, which handled most of the governments wartime loans. The NY Stock exchanged closed for ten days and 15,000 business in American went bankrupt. -
The Great Railroad Strike
This was the countries first great strike. The Pennsylvania Railroad cut wages 20% in two months, along with other railroad companies. Worktimes were also cut to only two or three times a week. To protest, works walked away from their work and blocked the railways in Baltimore. 14,000 people ended up rioting as well. -
Munn v. Illinois
This was a U.S. Supreme Court that decided that only Congress has control over interstate commerce and that large companies, such as the storage facilities in this case, were subject to public regulation for rates. This cases originated from the National Grange Movement. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act, signed on May 6, 1882, was a ten year long ban on Chinese labor immigration. It lasted until 1943. This is seen as the first important immigration restriction acts in America. It didn't prevent all Asian immigration, but it was very strict, only allowing a person into a country if the pass the requirements. Congress put this act into action to keep America's racial purity and to keep jobs for white men away from immigrants. -
The Dawes Severalty Act 1887
The Dawes Severalty Act in 1887 allowed the federal government to break up reservations into smaller groups. The goal was to break up the tribes so more land can be own by white men. Children were also taken and brought to a special school that will teach children the way of white people. The phrase was "kill the Indian and save the man>" -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams was the woman who opened and founded the Hull House, a settlement house, in 1889. The Hull House provided a nursery, kindergarten, clubs, and event for the community. Later, convinced by her friend, Addams used the Hull House to expose child labor, sweat shops, and tried to improve poverty, disease, and living conditions. Jane Addams received the Nobel Pease Prize in 1931. -
How the Other Half Lives
America during the Gilded Age was compared to an apple by Mark Twain: a shiny outside with a rotten core. This compares to America because during this time, the country looked amazing to an outside, but once inside, the country is facing poverty and racial discrimination. How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis breaks through the shiny, perfect image of America and shows the awful lives for poor immigrants. It depicts terrible housing, poor families, dangerous ghettos, and child labor. -
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Chapter 20-The Progressive Era
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Populist Party
Emerging after the Farmer's Alliance, the Populist Party was a political group composed of farmers and industrial workers. They demanded for the use of silver in the currency, a graduated income tax, government ownership for the railroads, and other things. A main figure of the Populist Party was William Jennings Bryan, who ran for President in 1896, but lost. -
Annexation of Hawaii
After the Spanish American War, citizen pressured President McKinley to find more U.S. territories. Specifically the people urged for the annexation of Hawaii. Hawaii was already popular among American settlers due to its profitable sugar cane crops. Queen Liliuokalani was the last queen of Hawaii before the archipelago was annexed and Samuel Dole was made the first governor. -
The Teller Amendment
Created by Henry Teller (which is the image), this amendment addressed control over Cuba after the Spanish-American War. It states that the US could only get involved with Cuba if it regards helping the island with stability, meaning that America couldn't permanently take control over Cuba. Once Cuba is stable, America would leave the island and the Cuban government would be able to govern themselves. -
The Sinking of the USS Maine
In Havana harbor, an American battleship called the Maine was hit by an explosion, which caused a hole that led to the ship sinking. 260 sailors died. Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst used this opportunity to blame the Spanish on the sinking through yellow journalism. The sinking and false writings was one of the events that led to McKinley starting the Spanish-American War. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
Battle of San Juan Hill was an important battle during the Spanish-American War. It was also known as the bloodiest battle of the Spanish-American War. The Rough Riders, which was a cavalry composed of Native Americans, athletes, and cowboys led by Theodore Roosevelt, were a key element during this battle. This group helped win the battle, due to the fact that they served as a distraction so that the real army could fight. -
Carrie A Nation
Carrie A Nation was a moral vigilant. She was a woman who destroyed saloons in the name of God's Will. On December 27, 1900, she went to the Carey Hotel and broke the bottles and bars. She was later charged $3,000 in damages and arrest and in jail for a month. She didn't stop there and then destroyed two more bars in Wichita, Kansas. She fought against the evils of alcohol. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt became President after William McKinley was shot and killed in 1901. The new President was not antibusiness, but rather pushed for antitrust regulation on monopolies and corrupted trusts. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory caught fire. The exits were locked and the fire ladder outside the building collapsed. This left over 200 women trapped in the burning building. 146 died, either by the fire or jumping out the windows. This was seen as a turning point from the Gilded Age to the Progressive Era because it could finally be seen what happens to unprivileged citizen in the hands of corruption and unsafe work conditions. -
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Chapter 21- World War I
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President Woodrow Wilson
In 1916, Woodrow Wilson was reelected as President. His slogan was "He Kept us out of War." However, while he was President, America entered World War I. After the war, he helped create the Treaty of Versailles. He also outlined the Fourteen Points and the League of Nations. -
The Zimmermann Telagram
In 1917, Germany sent a telegram to Mexico, asking for an alliance with the country if the U.S entered the War. If Mexico was to enter War with the Central Powers, then the country would gain all the land lost to America. This later helped push America out of neutrality and enter the war. -
Fourteen Points
At the end of World War I, President Wilson proposed this post war settlement to the United States Congress. Points six through thirteen address the countries in Europe, both the central and allied powers. Most importantly, the fourteenth point set up the League of Nations. -
Sedition Act of 1918
The Sedition Act of 1918 was passed during World War I. This act made any sort of criticism or protesting towards the government, draft, or military illegal. If found guilty, it could end in an expensive charger or jail. -
Prohibition
In 1919, the 18 Amendment was passed, which banned all alcohol throughout America. It was created by women who blamed alcohol for abusive husbands. However, the ban of alcohol increased bootleggers and speakeasies (which is the image), which evolved into organized crime. The mafia created monopiles over areas and shifted the focus onto prostitution, drugs, and gambling. Prohibition ended through the 21 Amendment in 1933. -
The Flapper Movement
With the ability to vote in 1920, women discovered new freedoms. With this, the flapper movement was created. Women embraced new fashion that broke away from the traditional woman. Jobs also became more available for women that were once a man's job. With this spirit women challenged the traditional image of women and the family. -
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Chapter 22- The New Era
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The KKK- The Reemergance
The KKK reemerge during the 1920s, hitting four known members in 1923 and 1924. However, with a silent film called "The Birth of a Nation" and the lynching of Leo Frank, the KKK rebirth started in 1915. The KKK became popular when the Great Migration occurred and massive groups of immigrants came to America. The cultural clash between white, Protestant Americans and non-white, non-Protestant Americans (which included Catholics, Jews, Africans Americans, and new immigrants) began once again. -
The Automobile Industry
Henry Ford, who can also be called the Father of the moving assembly line, produced millions of Model T cars with the assembly line. In 1927, a car was completed every 24 seconds. Products were created faster and cheaper in the 1920s. This industry created millions of jobs, which helped increase the standard of living. Products, like the car, increased consumerism and the ability to live in leisure. -
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Chapter 24- World War Two
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Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941, Japan attack an American base (Pear Harbor) in Hawaii. This attack was to get America's attention to enter the war and to get a jump on the country by destroying hundreds of ships and kills thousands of people. The next day, President Roosevelt declared war on Japan. One conspiracy theory involving Pearl Harbor is that America knew of the attacks and ignored it either due to believe it was a joke or that FDR was itching to enter the war and needed an excuse. -
Rosie the Riveter and Other War Images
Rosie the Riveter is famously a women in a blue jumpsuit saying that "We Can Do It!" This image was used to recruit women to work in the place of men that were fighting after the oceans. This was successful and many women joined the work force. During World War II, many other posters were created to both boost nationalism and support for the war. Posters encouraged people to buy war bonds, save/donate food, plant victory gardens, and to go to work/enter the war to promote American success. -
Exective Order 9066
This order was created after the Pearl Harbor attack in fear of another attack. This order was to move all people who were seen as undesirable by the government. Then these people would be place separated from their communities and would be release when the government said so. This was a way to remove all Japanese Americans and immigrants from normal society in fear that they would attack America. These interment camps provided poor living conditions and poor treatment of the people from guards. -
United Nations Charter
After the War ended, it was clear that the League of Nations failed and the countries needed to create another unifying group to keep peace. This new group would have a Security Council as well. This included five countries: United State of America, Britain, China, France and the Soviet Union.
