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Oct 30, 1468
Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger
The hammer of witches, two dominican monks were comissioned by Innocent VIII to write on why more women are witches than men -
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Wedgwood
first knockoffs -
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Immanuel Kant
Writes Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone. -
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Goethe
Wrote Faustus -
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Moses Mendelsohn
Jewish Socrates. -
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war
austrian succession -
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leader
Maria theresa preserves hapsburgs -
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Herde
German Culturalist -
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Schegel
Progressive early romantic writer -
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Hegel
Developed thesis antithesis and synthesis. He believed in stages. -
Battle of Sedan
germany unifier -
Combination Acts and poor law
The combination acts outlawed guilds. The poor laws provided public relief for the poor. -
The Irish problem
Ireland wanted independence from England. -
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Nationalism
Nationalistic pressure grows. -
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The German confederation
The German confederation replaced the HRE. -
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Maguiar Czech and Italian revolt
These all threatened the Hapsburg empire, but they all failed. -
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Prussia revolt
Representatives from German states gathered for the Frankfort Parliament, debated whether to include Austria in Germany. -
The Berlin Decree
Boycotted British Goods -
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Henry Morton Stanley
Went with Leopold to have the Belgiums sign treaties -
First congress
Aix-La-Chapelle in Germany -
The Carlsbad Decrees
Dissolved student organizations -
The Final Act
Censorship -
Revolt in Greece
Greece wanted freedom from the Ottomans. -
The eastern question
What to do with the Ottomans. -
Serbia
Becomes a state with Russia as its protector. -
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The Great Trek
Boers migrate -
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General Leo von Caprivi
Had to step into Bismark's shoes and did not like it. -
Zollverien
All German states except Austria formed this free-trading union. -
Hatt-i shrif of Gulhane
Attempted to re-organize Ottoman Empire's administration and military. It opened the Tanzimat. It ended tax farming, sought to eliminate corruption. It was drawn up by administrative councils. It extended equality before the law regardless of religion. -
Louise Aston
German political radical, wrote poems about the exploitation of women. -
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Friederich Nietzsche
Glorified weakness -
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nietzsche
drew on romanticism, hated progress -
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German unification
United under the conservative army, the monarchy, and the prime minister of Prussia. Conservative Germany was achieved for liberal reasons. -
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Hapsburgs
were a general problem -
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Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz
Architect for the naval race. -
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Marxism
Karl Marx believed in socialistic economy. -
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Frederick Engeles
Wrote the Communist Manifesto with Marx. -
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Otto von Bismarck
Was the Prussian representative in the German confederation and the prime minister and ambassador to Russia. Became conservative and advocated constitutionalism that supported a strong monarch. Believed in iron and blood. Previous taxes were allowed but no new ones. Wanted small German unification. Wanted Prussia and Austria to work together to defeat Denmark in 1864. Got Napoleon to promise neutrality in the Austria-Prussian war. Promised Italy Venetia. -
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German confederation
39 unified states that sent representatives to Frankfurt. -
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Prussian parliament
Will not approve taxes for William, was deadlocked for 2 years. -
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Crimean War
Austria remains neutral and Prussia follows. -
Hatti-i haumuyan
Specified the rights of nonMuslims. Abolished torture, and allowed foreigners to acquire some forms of property. American Christian missionaries brought schools to the region. The Ottomans wanted loyal Christian subjects, but there millet system broke down. Nationalism increased. -
October Diploma
Created a federation -
February Patent
Established a Bicameral imperial Parliment. Lasted 6 years because the Magyars refused o participate. -
Period: to
weber
beaureaucrat -
Treaty of Prague
Excluded Austria from Germany -
Austro-Prussian war
Fought over Schleswig and Holstein. Bismarck orders Prussia to be obnoxious to Austria and then refuses to help. -
The North German confederation
Everything north of the main river was unified. -
Trialism Beginnings
Triple monarchy -
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Franco-Prussian War
Isabella II deposed. Leopold replaced her, which Bismarkck knew France would object strongly to. On July 12, Count Vincent went to visit Leopold, whose father recalled his candidacy, which made Bismarck mad, so he released an edited copy of the transcript to start a war. -
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Kulturkampf
Bismarck thought Catholics threatened his unity, so he tried to remove them from education. -
Became the German Empire
This upset the balance of power in Europe. -
Bismark stops
Bismark no longer wants territory for Germany. -
The May Laws
Prussian priests had to be educated in German schools and pass German state tests and give up their disciplinary power of the church. -
Bismark's first move
He establish the Three Emperors; League with Austria and Russia. -
Period: to
The Balkan Wars
Resulted in the independence of or Russia/Austria dominating over most of the Ottoman European holdings. -
Ottomans establish a parliament
Technically conceived in 1876, left the sultans power mostly intact, but the next sultan retrogessed. -
The Russo-Turkish War
Ended the Three Emperors' League -
The Treaty San Stefano
Freed Slav states in the Balkans from Ottoman rule. -
The Congress of Berlin
Britain and Austria force Russia to come and help divvy up the Ottoman empire. -
Dual Alliance
Germany and Austria against Russia. -
Period: to
The Congo
King Leopold II gets colonies for Belgiun -
Three Emperors League is back
Back because the meeting in Austria frightened Russia into it. -
Otto Von Bismark
Led the Berlin Conference -
Period: to
Gottleib Daimler
Invented the modern internal combustion engine and mounted it on a carriage body. -
William II
Comes to the German throne. He wants equal status with Britain. Starts a naval race. -
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Telawrence
supported Arab independence from Turkey -
William and Bismark
Disagree, then William dismisses Bismark -
Steel production
Steel production is twice that of Britain's. -
Womens' rights
Union of German Womens Organization founded. -
The Entente Cortiale
The first breach in Britain's isolation combined with Japan to protect British interests against Russia. It then made a series of agreements with the French. -
The Schlieffen Plan
Germany tried to go around and capture France. -
Period: to
Panther
German and Britain naval fight. -
Sultan
Military officer revolt against sultan's power. A reformists group known as the Young Turks came to modernize the empire until WWI, with the underlying theme of secularization of government. -
The Young Turks
Seized Ottoman power and modernized the empire. -
Austria and Russia
want to stop Turkey. -
Austria
Mobilizes its army against Russia -
Austria issues an ultimatum
Serbia only meets some of the requirements. -
Archduke Francis Ferdinad
Archduke Francis Ferdinad is assassinated by a Serbian. -
Lusitania
Sunk by a German submarine, angering the president. -
Last chance
tries one last offensive -
Weimer constitution
Allows German women to vote. -
Back again
Poland is brought back again and goes from a democracy to military rule. -
ottomans
dismembered -
war guilt clause
determing of germanys bill -
Default
Declares Germany to be in default of its war debt payments. -
Hitler
Makes his first move with the 25 points. -
Beer hall push
Nazi uprising. -
Ruhr
France invades for war payment. -
Hindenburg elected president
Hindenburg elected president -
Locarno
Wanted France and Britain to accept Streissman's peace proposal. -
Austria's banks
Begin to collapse -
The Lausanne Conference
Settled war debts. -
Reichstag
Was burned down by a mentally impaired individual. -
Enabling act
Allowed Hitler to rule by decree. -
Hitler imitates Stalin
Four year plans; strikes become illegal. -
Germany secedes
From the League of Nations -
Germany and Poland
Sign a nonagression pact -
The Nuremburg laws
Robbed Jews of their citizenship -
Hitler
Sends troops into the Rhineland -
Night of Smashed Glass
Night of Smashed Glass -
Munich
Great powers met to try and avoid war. -
Nazi-Soviet pact
Surprised everyone. -
Annexation
Hitler tries to annex Austria -
Operation Barbossa
Code name for German operation to invade Russia. -
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The Holocaust
Hitler goes power crazy. -
Destroy
Hitler decides to destroy all the Jews in Europe. -
D-Day
Troops land on the coast of Normandy. -
Assassination attempt
They fail to assassinate Hitler -
Berlin Wall
Torn down. -
Warsaw
Cominform is formed. -
Action
Berlin blocade and Bertlin Wall. -
Split
West Germany is the German Federal Republic; East Germany is the German Democratic Republic.