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Chapter 12
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Second Great Awakening began
The Second Great Awakening bagan in earnest on the southern frontier around the turn of the century. In 1801, a crowd estimated at nearly fifty thousand gathered at Cane Ridge, Kentucky. -
Board of Commissioners founded
In 1810, Presbyterians and Congretionalists founded a Board of Commisioners for Foreign Missions and soon dispatched two missionaries t India. -
American Bible Society was organized
In 1816, the Reverend Samuel John Millis took the leading role in organizing the American Bible Society. By 1821, the society had distributed 140,000 Bibles, mostly in parts of the West where churched and clergymen were scarce. -
American Colonization Society founded
the primary vehicle to support the "return" of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen. Its founders were Henry Clay, John Randolph, and Richard Bland Lee -
Charles Finney conducted revivals
beginning in 1823, Finney conducted a series of highly successful revivals in towns and cities of western New York. -
American Tract Society founded
Another major effort went into publication and distribution of religious tracts, mainly by the American Tract Society, founded in 1825. -
American Temperance Society founded
In 1826, a group of clergymen previously active in mission work organized the American temperance Society to coordinate and extend the work already begun by local churches and moral reform societies. The original aim was t oencoursge abstinence from "ardent spirits" or hard liquor. -
Evangelical summit meeting held
Lyman Beecher and eastern evangelicals were disturbed by Finney's new methods and by the emotionalism that accompanied them. An evangelical summit meeting between Beecher and Finney, held in New Lebanon, New York, in 1827, failed to reach agreement on this and other issues. -
Freedom's Journal published
the first African American owned and operated newspaper published in the United States. -
william Lloyd Garrison published first issue of The Liberator
Initial circulation of The Liberator was relatively limited; there were fewer than 400 subscriptions during the paper's second year. However, the publication gained subscribers and influence over the next three decades, until, after the end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery nation-wide by the Thirteenth Amendment, Garrison published the last issue (number 1,820) on December 29, 1865, writing in his "Valedictory" column, -
Abolitionists founded American Antislavery Society
An abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass was a key leader of the society and often spoke at its meetings. -
Theodore Weld advocates abolition in Ohio and upstate New York
1835-1836:After 1830 Weld became one of the leaders of the antislavery movement working with Arthur and Lewis Tappan, New York philanthropists, James G. Birney, Gamaliel Bailey, and the Grimké sisters.
He discontinued lecturing when he lost his voice in 1836, and was appointed editor of its books and pamphlets by the American Anti-slavery Society. He also directed the national campaign for sending antislavery petitions to Congress. -
Massachusetts establishes a state board of education
Horace Mann worked tirelessly to establish a state board of education and adequate tax support for local schools. In 1837, he persuaded the legislature to enact his proposals. -
Abolitionist leader Elijah Lovejoy killed by a proslavery mob
He was murdered by an opposition mob in Alton, Illinois for his publication of abolitionist materials, as they attacked the warehouse where his press was operated. -
Liberty Party organized
The party was an early advocate of the abolitionist cause. -
Trancendentalists organize a model community at Brook farm
It was founded by former Unitarian minister George Ripley and his wife Sophia Ripley at the Ellis Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts in 1841 and was inspired in part by the ideals of Transcendentalism, a religious and cultural philosophy based in New England. Founded as a joint stock company, it promised its participants a portion of the profits from the farm in exchange for performing an equal share of the work. -
North Star founded
founded by Douglass, gave black writers a chance to preach their gospel of liberation. -
Feminists gather at Seneca Falls, New York
It was organized by local New York women upon the occasion of a visit by Boston-based Lucretia Mott, a Quaker famous for her speaking ability, a skill rarely cultivated by American women at the time. The local women, primarily members of a radical Quaker group, organized the meeting along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a skeptical non-Quaker who followed logic more than religion. -
Henry David Thoreau's Walden published
Published in 1854, it details Thoreau's experiences over the course of two years in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts.
