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Period: to
1700 to 1812
1700 to 1812 -
Queen Anne’s War
To occupy trade in Atlantic Area, England started Queen Anne’s war (1701-1713) against Spain and French. It was on the southern frontier that the conflict was first joined for the control of the valley of the Mississippi. England attacked Florida and destroyed Spanish mission system. Britain gained French territory in Northern America, but failed to get Quebec. Winning Queen Anne’s War, England not only got more territories, but more importantly, England also gained more power in Atlantic area. -
French and Indian War
To expand their territories to more west, England started the war against French in Pennsylvania. England defeated French. In 1759, England took Quebec, and in 1760, Montreal and French empire had crumbled. After the war, England gained New France based on treaty and became a global empire. In the begging of 1700s, there had no main power leader in the North America, but after several wars, England became the main power in the North America. -
Stamp Act
In order to pay off the debts, England started Stamp Act in 1765, which is a direct tax imposed on internal tax on almost every type of printed paper colonists used, including newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards. This Act benefited England's side only. This Act, along with another acts in English colonies, ignited the anger of colonist, which later led to the rebellion and ultimately the independence of North America. -
Declaration of Independence
After Stamp Act, Americans became more intolerant of repression of England. Congress gave George III a petition to ask the king to break with his minister. However, George III proclaimed the colonies in open rebellion and denounced the leaders of the insurrection as traitors. This confederated Americans to claim independence from England, which led declaration of Independence on July 4th of 1776. This declaration was the official starting point of the process to get independent from England. -
Treaty of Paris (1783)
After the battle in Yorktown, England finally made Treaty of Paris (1783). England recognized American independence, and all prewar colonial debts of American were validated. The treaty recognized the independence of the United States; placed the western, eastern, northern, and southern boundaries of the nation at the Mississippi River, the Atlantic Ocean, Canada, and Florida, respectively. Treaty of Paris was an official milestone that England recognized Americans’ independence. -
Northwest Indian War
Based on the 1783 Treaty, North America got independent from England. The United States during its first decade of independence was vexed by a simmering conflict between settlers in the West and Indians in the territories north of the Ohio River. This conflict triggered Northwest Indian War (1785–1795). The war was ended with the defeat of Indians. It was one of major victories against the native Indians. It helped Americans to expand toward the Ohio river area.
