-
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Songhai
One of the largest empires in West Africa; an important trade center within Mali's empire. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Kongo
Kingdom located in west-central Africa in present-day northern Angola; became a major source of slaves for Portuguese traders and other European powers. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Ghana
African kingdom. A society with a complex court system and gold trade. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Mali
A trading empire that flourished in West Africa, that had many cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River. -
1492
First Voyage of Christopher Columbus
An expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus when he encountered the Americas. Picture retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus/The-first-voyage -
Period: 1492 to 1504
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. -
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over newly discovered lands. Picture retrieved from http://history-spain.blogspot.com/2014/12/analysis-of-map-tordesillas-treaty.html -
1521
Cortes conquers the Aztecs
Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire.
Picture retrieved from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/05-06/cortes-tenochtitlan/]. -
Period: to
English Settlement of Roanoke
115 English settlers arrived on Roanoke Island, first English settlers in the New World. -
Establishment of Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in America. Photo retrieved from [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/470626229780139133/]. -
Pilgrims land in Plymouth
The Mayflower arrived in Plymouth Harbor in 1620, after first stopping near today's Provincetown.
Photo retrieved from [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/the-real-story-of-plymouth-rock/] -
Maryland granted to Lord Baltimore
The Royal Grant and Charter for the new colony of Maryland was then granted to his son, Cecile. Picture retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Calvert,_1st_Baron_Baltimore -
Navigation Acts
Laws passed by the English Parliament to regulate shipping and maritime commerce. They also increased colonial revenue by taxing the goods going to and from British colonies. Picture retrieved from [http://1770s.blogspot.com/2008/11/navigation-acts.html]. -
Period: to
King Phillips War
Was an armed conflict between English colonists and the American Indians of New England in the 17th century. -
Bacon's Rebellion
First rebellion in the American colonies; Governor Berkeley's refusal to retaliate for a series of Native American attacks on settlements. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/news/bacons-rebellion-jamestown-colonial-america]. -
Period: to
Queen Anne's War
Second in a series of wars fought between Great Britain and France in North America for control of the continent. -
The Great Awakening
Series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies. The movement puts greater importance on the individual and his or her spiritual experience. Picture retrieved by [https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening]. -
Period: to
7 Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global war fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved all five European great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. -
Sugar Act
Aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and molasses from the French and Dutch West Indies and to provide increased funds after the French and Indian war. Picture retrieved from [https://www.carolana.com/SC/Royal_Colony/The_Sugar_Act_1764.html]. -
Stamp Act
An act regulating stamp duty (a tax on the legal recognition of documents). Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/stamp-act]. -
Tea Act
The act granted the company the right to ship its tea directly to the colonies without first landing it in England. Picture retrieved from [https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/the-tea-act]. -
Intolerable Acts
The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation. Picture retrieved from [https://www.britannica.com/event/Intolerable-Acts]. -
Declaration of Independence
It was an official act taken by all 13 American colonies in declaring independence from British rule. Picture retrieved from [https://themetdet.com/the-declaration-of-independence/]. -
Battle of Saratoga
American victory and turning point in the Revolution. Picture retrieved from [https://www.britannica.com/event/Battles-of-Saratoga]. -
Ratification of the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation are ratified after nearly four years. PIcture retrieved from [https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/ratification-of-the-constitution--24]. -
Battle of Yorktwon
The defeat of the British at Yorktown prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the American Revolution and give the colonist their freedom. Picture retrieved from [https://www.britishbattles.com/war-of-the-revolution-1775-to-1783/battle-of-yorktown/]. -
Shay's Rebellion
Series of violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts. Picture retrieved from [https://www.thoughtco.com/shays-rebellion-causes-effects-4158282]. -
The Northwest Ordinance
Chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. Picture from [https://www.thoughtco.com/northwest-ordinance-of-1787-4177006]. -
The US Constitution (the year it was ratified)
The constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America. Picture retrieved from [https://theapopkavoice.com/day-constitution-ratified/]. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Tax protest in the United States. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/early-us/whiskey-rebellion]. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/early-us/alien-and-sedition-acts]. -
Lousiana Purchase
the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or approximately eighteen dollars per square mile, the United States nominally acquired a total of 828,000 sq mi. Picutre from [https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/louisiana-purchase]. -
Embargo Act
An attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to prohibit American ships from trading in foreign ports. Picture retrieved from [https://www.sutori.com/item/the-embargo-act-1807-us-attempt-to-protect-their-neutrality-in-war-between]. -
Period: to
War of 1812
Conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. It ended with the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty of Ghent -
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
U.S. victory in central Alabama over Native Americans opposed to white expansion into their territories and which largely brought an end to the Creek War. Picture retrieved from [https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-horseshoe-bend-2361366]. -
Missouri Compromise
Legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state. Picture retrieved from [https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/lesson-1-early-threat-secession-missouri-compromise-1820-and-nullification-crisis]. -
Mexican Independence
An armed conflict, the culmination of a political and social process that ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. Picture retrieved from [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdmcg]. -
Texas declares Independence
The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. Picture retrieved from [https://www.fox4news.com/news/texas-declared-its-independence-from-mexico-183-years-ago-on-march-2]. -
Period: to
Mexican-American War
Helped to fulfill America's "manifest destiny" to expand its territory across the entire North American continent; fought between the U.S. and Mexico. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
This treaty, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war between the United States and Mexico. Picture retrieved [https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo]. -
The Compromise of 1850
Five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. Picture retrieved [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_1850]. -
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. PIcture retrieved from [http://www.ushistory.org/us/31a.asp]. -
The Dred Scott Decision
The United States Supreme Court issues a decision, affirming the right of slave owners to take their slaves into the Western territories,. Picture retrieved [https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/march-6-1857-supreme-court-issues-dred-scott-decision/]. -
Secession of South Carolina
South Carolina acted first, calling for a convention to secede from the Union. State by state, conventions were held, and the Confederacy was formed. Picture retrieved from [https://www.sutori.com/item/secession-of-south-carolina-the-secession-of-south-carolina-was-when-the-people]. -
Period: to
Civil War
The Civil War began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. -
The Battle of Bull Run
It was the first major battle of the Civil War and resulted in a Confederate victory. Picture retrieved [https://www.history.com/news/remembering-the-first-battle-of-bull-run]. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Retrieved from [https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0629/Emancipation-Proclamation-fetches-2.1-million-at-auction]. -
The Battle of Gettysburg
Became the largest battle ever fought in the U.S., started out as a chance encounter between the Union and Confederate Forces; described as the war's turning point. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-should-know-about-the-battle-of-gettysburg]. -
Sherman's March
Sherman's March to the Sea was a military campaign of the American Civil War. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/shermans-march]. -
Lincoln's Assassination
While attending a play in Washington, D.C., lincoln was hot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died the following day. Picture retrieved from [https://www.businessinsider.com/interview-with-the-last-living-witness-of-the-lincoln-assassination-2019-7].
