Century XV and XVI

  • 1431

    1431

    1431
    Treaty of Medina del Campo consolidating peace between Portugal and Castile.
  • 1439

    1439

    1439
    Gutenberg invents the printing press.
  • 1453

    1453

    1453
    Fall of Constantinople and end of the Byzantine Empire.
  • 1456

    1456

    Siege of Belgrade that ends with the victory of the Christian armies over those of the Ottoman Empire, slowing their advance in Europe.
  • 1469

    1469

    1469
    Marriage of Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragon with which will allow the unification of Spain.
  • 1492

    1492

    1492
    The Catholic Monarchs end the Reconquest, ending almost 800 years of Islamic rule of the Iberian Peninsula.
    Discovery of America by Cristóbal Colón on behalf of Spain.
  • 1493

    1493

    1493
    Second expedition of Cristobal Colón to America.
  • 1497

    1497

    1497
    Exploration of the coasts of Terre-Neuve by Giovanni Caboto on behalf of England.
  • 1498

    1498

    1498
    Third expedition of Cristobal Colón to America.
  • 1501

    1501

    1501
    War between France and Spain for control of the Kingdom of Naples.
  • 1503

    1503

    1503
    Leonardo Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa.
  • 1517

    1517

    Vasco Núñez discovers the Pacific Ocean.
  • 1519

    1519

    Barbarossa sweeps the south of France.
  • 1527

    1527

    1527
    Carlos V's troops enter Rome.
  • 1529

    1529

    The Austrians defeat the Ottomans at the Siege of Vienna.
  • 1543

    1543

    1543
    Copernicus proposes that the Sun is the center of the universe rather than the Earth.
  • 1579

    1579

    1579
    Union of Utrecht between the provinces opposed to the Spanish in the Netherlands.
  • 1593

    1593
    Galileo Galilei invented the thermometer.
  • 1598

    1598
    Foundation of the Congrégation de Notre-Dame in France by Pierre Fouriery Alix Le Clerc.