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Dual Alliance
Germany and Austria-Hungary allied, principally against Russia. -
Triple Alliance
Italy joined for prestige and colonial ambitions; they would support eachother if attacked by France -
Dual Entente
France and Russia promised mutual help if attacked by Germany. -
Entente Cordiale
Britain and France solved colonial problems in Egypt and Morocco. -
First Moroccan Crisis
France strengthened interests in Morocco; Germany retaliated but France supported by Britain and Russia at Algercias Conference 1906; a diplomatic setback for Germany. -
Triple Entente
Britain became involved and joined with France and Russia. -
First Balkan Crisis
Austria took over Bosnia-Herzegovina; Serbia, encouraged by Russia, denounced the action; Germany supported Austria but war was avoided. -
Second Moroccan Crisis
French army occupied Fez, capital of Morocco; Germany sent cruiser to Agadir; British navy alerted but compromise reached when France gave Germany interest in Congo as compensation for Morocco. -
Second Balkan War
Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece formed Balkan League and attacked Turkey; Turkey defeated and lost most European territory. -
Second Balkan War
Bulgaria, encouraged by Austria, attacked Greece and Serbia; defeated; Serbia and Greece gained territory by Treaty of Bucharest. -
Assassination
Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to Austrian throne is assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnian town, by member of Serbian secret society. -
Blank Cheque
German Kaiser and Chancellor agree to support Austria if hostilities break out. Germany give Austria a blank cheque. -
Ultimatum
Austria sends ultimatum to Serbia; harsh terms including demand that Austrian officials be permitted to enter Serbia to suppress anti-Austrian movements; demands reply in 48 hours. -
Reply to ultimatum
Serbia replies and accepts most demands but will not allow entry of Austrian officials; this was not acceptable to Austria. -
Austria-Hungary declares War on Serbia
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Russia declares mobilisation for war
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Germany demands that Russia demobilise
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France and Germany mobilise; Germany declares war on Russia
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Germany demands that Belgium allow troops to pass through-needed for Schlieffen Plan; Belgium refuses
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Germany declares war on France after France refuses to declare neutrality
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German troops enter Belgium
German troops enter Belgium; Britain demands that Germany withdraw; Germany refuses; Britain declares war on Germany. -
Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
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Britain and France at war with Austria-Hungary
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Italy joins Britain, France and Russia