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Feudal System
China was governed under a feudal regime, the power was in the hands of the emperors and the lords feudal, and therefore the people were mired in misery and famine. By it, it starts to trade with opium -
Opium Wars
The British East India Company was making profits by exchanging opium for tea in China. When Chinese authorities tried to obstruct this traffic, Britain waged the Opium War and through the treaty of Nanjing forced them to allow trade and to cede the island of Hong Kong. -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a major Civil War in China that lasted from 1850-1864, which was fought between the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty which was apparently more established at the time and the Christian Millenarian movement of the heavenly kingdom of peace. -
Sino-Japanese War
conflict between Japan and China that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese empire. The war grew out of conflict between the two countries for supremacy in Korea. Korea had long been China's most important client state, but its strategic location opposite the Japanese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japan's interest. -
Self-Strengthening Movement
(Attempt to create a new government) was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers. -
Boxer Rebellion
a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. -
Yuan Shikai
Sun yixian stepped down as president to make Yuan Shikai general, Sun hoped Yuan would restore order and create a strong central government but instead set up a new dynasty with himself as emperor. Military did not support him and opposition. -
Kuomintang
promoted the Three main principles: Nationalism
(No foreign influence), People's democracy (Establish democratic state), and People's livelihood (Establish socialism in which the poor are benefitted).Turned on communist. wanted to modernize china
bring down Qing dynasty. allied with CCP. wanted to destroy
warlords. CCP (post qing dynasty). super germanmilitary tactics
german allies. weapons uniforms supplies. allied with CCP against japanese invaders -
May Fourth Movement
An anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919 protesting the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles. Attack on confucian/ feudalism - doubting of antiquity. New philosophy of life, debate on science and democracy, literary revolution -
21 Demands
The emperor of japan created them during WWI and sent them to the Republic of China gave the japanese rights to manchuria and the chinese economy US and Britain hated it. Japan gained some but lost all trust because of these demands they were not granted all of their demands -
First United Front
government in China was turned into two different groups, nationalists and communists, with different ideologies, yet one in common which was to get rid of the warlords and free China -
Northern Expedition
force against the Warlords of China with the overall goal of Unifying China with the force of the N.R.A in order to protect the welfare of the people, wipe out all reactionary power (Warlords) and implement the three principles of the People (Democracy, Socialism and Nationalism) -
Shanghai Massacre (1927)
Chinese Civil War begins. KMT forces led by Chiang attack their communist allies in Shanghai and other cities -
White Terror
This first attempt of killing Chinese communists. Started by Chiang Kai-Shek in Shanghai. KMT tried to destroy CCP by killing the CCP officials. Chiang Kai Shek's ideology shifts, focusing more on nationalism.
