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Manchu Dynasty/ Quing
socio-economic, foreign power factors
Quing Dynasty (confucianism ideology)
Peasants work long time for pay expensive taxes -
Self Strengthening
Westernization.
This is a period of institutional reforms for the modernization China beacuse of some defeats with militars.
It became beneficial to the territory because got more technology as boats, army etc. but with the disagree for the dynasty to accept their technology is not sufficient and require help from other countries so this plan just failed and the investments went to Qing Dynasty -
Taiping Revolution
Was a massive rebellion in China between the established Manchu-Qing dynasty and the Taing Heavenly Kingdom becasue of the ideologies (religious movement) and disagrees from population
Promoting the independence of central power (end of Qing dynasty) -
Boxer Rebelion
The foreign influence with commercial affairs, politics, religious and technology in the republic caused anti-western feelings, so this turned into a violent rebelion against Westerners -
Double Tenth Revolution
Is the revolution where the Qing dynasty is overthrown with the establishment of China´s Republic (ROC); this could happen because goverment lost control of militars and the rebellion spread quickly; most provinces declared themselves independent of Beijing. This can be considered as political weakness. -
Warlord Era
its about militar generals that set up their governments in different provinces using army to enforce their authority, they ran their territories independently, organizing and taxing people with their own laws. With this increased nationalism by Chinese because they didn't want foreign influence.
Between warlords burst a fought for the control of China -
The May Fourth Movement
Students led a mass demonstration in Beijing against warlords, traditional Chinese culture and Japanese; hostility caused because the agreement on Versailles treat which had had given to Japan the concession in Shandong province.
They had the victory rebirthing China as a independent nation, and the new ideology that students (people in general) could revolutionize to achieve these goals (new cultural movement). -
The Fist United Front
On China the general Jiang Jieshi took over the leadership of GMD with nationalist ideology. During the warlord period the chinese Communist party (CCP) emerged in 1921 with intelectual strength with Mao Zedong and communist ideology.
These two had the same idea to be free of the foreign imperialist power, unify china, state a new goverment and new era so they formed the Fist United front in 1922 -
The GMD attacks the CCP
Even the succed from Northern Expedition, China was not unified and the ideology divided the Fist united front (communist had more followers, popular support) so the GMD took action before China be unified by the CCP support/control with the White Terror in April, they attack all comunist and shooted a total of 5,000; the GMD reply with a "purification movement" causing a nearly crushing of CCP, them to survive flee into the mountains of Jiangsi and the GMD planned to destroy, civil war began -
Northern expedition (crush of warlords)
Together (fist united front) set out this plan to crush the warlords of central and northern China with success in 1927, capturing Hangzhou, Shangai and Nanjing and tooking beiging in 1928. With this the GMD party announced that they wiil be the next goverment of China and the new capital in Nanjing.
