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Opium Wars
Cause: China destroys British Shipment of Opium & Britain wins and orders China to pay for destroyed opium. Effect:Treaty of Nanjing: Ends the war & China can’t repay for the destroyed shipment of Opium so it loses Hong Kong* to Britain for 99 years.Sphere of Influence: Western Powers Britain, France, Germany, Japan and Russia had carved up China and had special economic privileges (right to build railroads and factories) and political influences. -
Boxer Rebellion
Fists of Righteous Harmony (Boxers) backed by CiXi attacked and killed Chinese Christians and Foreigners.Western powers quickly organized an international army which crushed and defeated the Boxers.Since China (Boxers) lost China was forced to allow more foreign troops in China and warships in Chinese waters. Foreigners were still in China and involved in China’s Economy -
Communism in China
Mao’s peasant army were highly disciplined. Nationalist Party (under Chiang Kai Shek were underpaid, underfed and massive corruption in government officials made it easy for Mao to take over & put Communism in place. -
Four Modernizations
After a power struggle between Mao’s widow and her supporters and Deng Xiaoping- Deng emerges as the leader of China who wanted to achieve Wealth and Power for China through ECONOMIC REFORMS/FREEDOMS
Goals of Four Modernizations:
1) Modernize Agriculture
2) Expand industry
3) Develop Science and Technology
4) Upgrade China’s Defense
