Carlos I

Birth

Feb 24, 1500

He was born in Prinsenhof, Gante. The parents of Carlos I was Juana I of Castilla and Felipe I of Castilla.

Heritage from his maternal grandparents

1516

The inheritance he received from his maternal grandparents were the Crown of Castile, with the lands of America, the Crown of Aragon with its possessions in Italy and the kingdom of Navarre.

War between Francisco I and Carlos I

Period: 1516 to 1547

The multiple inheritance of Carlos V will aggravate relationships that were far from good. In addition to the South, France will border the Habsburgs in the Netherlands and Franche-Comté, in such a way that it will feel practically encircled. In this situation, control over Milan was essential for both powers, as it was necessary as a link between the emperor's territories, reason enough for the French kings to try to occupy it.

Treaty of Noyon

Aug 13, 1516

The Treaty of Noyon was a treaty concluded in the Burgundian city of Noyon between France and Spain. The main clauses of the agreement included: Carlos I of Spain was recognized the throne of Naples and Francisco I of France the Duchy of Milan.
The wedding was agreed between Carlos and Luisa Claudia, the first-born daughter of Francisco I (the union did not take place)

Heritage from his paternal grandparents

1518

Charles I received the German lands from the Austrian house on his paternal side, the possibility of being Emperor and the possessions of the Burgundy house in the Netherlands and Franche-Comté

Isabel of Castilla

Aug 20, 1518

This will be the extra-marital daughter of Carlos I with Germana de Foix who will adopt the title of Infanta Isabel de Castilla

Battle of the Germanias

Period: Aug 27, 1519 to 1523

It was the armed conflict that occurred in the Kingdom of Valencia at the beginning of the reign of Carlos I, between 1519 and 1523.
Movement of social confrontation. They protested against the privileges of the nobility.

Discovery of the passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Nov 27, 1520

Descubrimiento Pacífico y 1ª vuelta al mundo.Entre 1520 y 1522 se descubre el paso del Atlántico al Pacífico. Magallanes y el Cano dieron por primera vez la vuelta al mundo.

Diet of Worms

1521

Luther before the Diet of Worms, presided over by the newly appointed Emperor Charles V.
The historically most relevant aspect of the Diet was the appearance of Martin Luther who was summoned to retract his famous thesis. From April 16 to 18, Luther spoke before the assembly, but instead of abjuring, he vigorously defended his Protestant attitude.

Battle of Villalar

Apr 23, 1521

Decisive fact of the War of the Communities. In which the imperial forces of Carlos I and those of the Commune Board, led by Juan de Padilla, Juan Bravo and Francisco Maldonado, faced each other. The Count of Haro (at the head of the imperialist troops) sends his numerous cavalry to hunt them down, they are intercepted in Villalar and they are razed without being able to defend themselves. About a thousand community members die and the three leaders are executed after a very summary trial.

Tadea of Austria

1522

This was the third extramarital daughter of King Carlos I with the Italian Ursolina della Penna. The Emperor showed interest in the girl on multiple documented occasions, especially during her stay in Rome in 1536, just after his victory in the capture of Tunis.

Margaret of Austria or Margaret of Parma

Jul 5, 1522

This is an extramarital daughter of Carlos I with Jhoanna María Van Deer Gheynst who will receive the title of Duchess consort of Parma

Battle of Pavia

1526

The battle of Pavia was fought on February 24, 1525 between the French army under the command of King Francisco I and the German-Spanish troops of Emperor Charles V, with the latter victory, in the vicinity of the Italian city of Pavia. The battle ended when Spain kidnapped King Francisco I

Treaty of Madrid

Jan 14, 1526

The Treaty of Madrid was signed on January 14, 1526 by Carlos I of Spain and Francisco I of France in Madrid, where Francisco I was a prisoner after the French defeat at the Battle of Pavia.
Under the terms of the treaty, France renounced her rights to Milanese, Genoa, Burgundy, Naples, Artois, Tournai, and Flanders in favor of Emperor Charles. Francisco I promised to marry Carlos's sister, Leonor, and to send two of his children to Spain as collateral.

Isabel of Portugal

Period: Mar 11, 1526 to May 1, 1539

He marries Isabel from Portugal in Seville. They had 7 children; These were Felipe II, Juan de Austria, Isabel II de Castilla, Mª de Austria and Fernando de Austria.

Sack of Rome

May 6, 1527

Holy Roman German Empire. it had seized important territories in the Italian peninsula. It supposed the full triumph of Christianity. However, what the king never imagined was that Pope Clement VII would oppose his plans to continue advancing in Italy.The most important consequence of the sack of Rome was that it marked the end of the so-called Roman Renaissance, that is, that that he had directly inherited the entire cultural, social and epistemological legacy of the Roman Empire.

Peace of Cambrai

Aug 5, 1529

The Peace of Cambrai was signed between Luisa de Savoya, on behalf of her son Francisco I of France, and Margaret of Austria, on behalf of her nephew, Emperor Charles V, which is why it is also known as the Peace of the Ladies. It was intended to end the second war between the two monarchs. The emperor renounced his rights over the Duchy of Burgundy and other territories, while Francis I did the same over the regions of Flanders and Artois.

Schmalkalden League.

Apr 25, 1531

The Schmalkalden League was a league of Protestant princes of the Holy Roman Empire that was created in the XVI century to defend their territories and fight against the Emperor and King Charles V, defender of Catholicism against the Lutheran Reformation. Although the League did not declare war on the emperor directly,its following of the Lutheran Reformation and the confiscations of land from the Church and the expulsions of Catholic Bishops and Princes made the king decide to fight.

Take of Tunisia

1535

Barbarossa seized Tunisia in 1534, deposing Bey Hafsida Muley Hassan, vassal of Spain. King Carlos I summoned courts in Madrid, to request subsidies to recover Tunisia, and, at the same time, asked other princes for help. The squadrons of the Cantabrian Sea and the Netherlands of the Habsburgs met for the operation. For a year, Spanish and Portuguese squads concentrated in Barcelona with the support of numerous Spanish nobles, the victory was Spanish

Defeat of Argel

Oct 21, 1541

Despite the success of King Charles I achieved in 1535 on the Tunis Day against the Ottoman Admiral Barbarossa, he threatened the Christian shores of the Mediterranean from Algiers.
Due to the relations of the Ottomans with the Moors, the danger for Spain was twofold, so Carlos I decided to conquer Algiers. considering that the summer of 1541 was ending and that the time of the storms was approaching. Carlos I undertook the expedition knowing that there could be storms and lost

Peace of Crépy

Sep 18, 1544

The Peace of Crépy in Laonnois, signed between Francisco I of France and Carlos I of Spain, marked the departure of Carlos from the Italian war of 1542-1546. Peace would be short-lived, since in 1551 hostilities between the two signatory powers would break out again.

Confrontation with the protestants

1546

Charles was forced to solve the problems that Lutheranism had created in Europe in order to save the Christian faith against the Turks. He gave the islands of Malta and Gozo, like Tripoli, to the Order of Malta. Even winning he could not unify politics and Lutheranism with Catholicism, eight years later in 1555 he was forced to sign the Peace of Augsburg, which recognized the right of Germans to adhere to the Catholic or Lutheran confession, temporarily ending the conflict.

Battle of Mühlberg

Apr 24, 1547

The imperial troops led by Carlos V, defeated the armies of the League of Smakalda.
In the final outcome of the battle, the surprise factor was decisive. The decision and courage of the Spanish arquebusiers, when swimming across the Elbe river, quickly brought victory to the emperor who, with his presence in the front line of combat, motivated and encouraged his soldiers.
As a consequence of the triumph Carlos V managed to strengthen his political and religious position in Germany.

Peace of augsburg

Sep 25, 1555

It was a deal signed by Ferdinand I of Habsburg, brother and representative of Emperor Charles V, and the forces of the Schmalkalden League in the city of Augsburg in Germany, by which the religious conflict of the Protestant reform was resolved

He leaves the throne.

1556

Carlos I abdicates and leaves his throne to his brother Fernando and his son Felipe II. To Felipe II he left all the Hispanic, Canary and American parts.

Died

Sep 21, 1558

Carlos I dies on September 21 in the monastery of Yuste,