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Battle of Plains of Abraham
Battle between British and French, which the British won. This is important on the timeline because it showed how early on the French living in Quebec were controlled by the English, which continues into contemporary society, as Quebec was and still might be unwillingly apart of this country, however most Quebecois have since accepted their Canadian nationality. This battle shows the changing relationships between the Anglophone and Francophone populations, and how they formed early Canada. -
Indian Act Enactment
This act was created by the government in order to grant control to the government to control aspects of Aboriginal life in Canada. Due to this the federal government gained control over Aboriginal land, resources, education, and rights granted by status. This was created to assimilate Aboriginals, as Aboriginals who seeked an education and a better life had to give up their status as an Aboriginal Indian. This is important as it shows the treatment of aboriginals and their identities, -
Red River Rebellion
Was a rebellion from the Metis led by Louis Riel, sparked by the selling of Rupert's land from Hudson's Bay Company to Canada. The Metis did this as they were not consulted, and created their own provisional government. This is important because it empowered the Metis and created a leader for the Metis to follow against their struggles against the government. Louis Riel led to major change in positive aspects towards the First Nations and Metis, such as land and new laws. -
North-West Rebellion
A second rebellion led by Louis Riel. First Nations allied with Metis against the federal government, waging war. The cause for this was high tensions from both sides. This is important because of the fact that the Metis and First Nations fought together, although put down by the government. This rebellion led to other battles and rebellions as it empowered and gave other Aboriginal groups the will to fight for whats right. -
Vimy Ridge
Vimy Ridge was the birth of Canadian National awareness, as it was the first time Canadians from every province fought against a common enemy and succeeded. Although this loss hardly effected the Germans, it was seen as a great victory as Canada gained something far greater than a plot of land, Canada gained national pride and awareness. -
Statute of Westminster
The Statute of Westminster was a British law which allowed former colonies full legal independence, including Canada. Canada gained the full power over legal affairs, including foreign affairs. This signaled the gaining of true independence from Britain, and Canada becoming Canada. Although some aspects of British power remained for awhile after this, Canada was mostly free in their own affairs. -
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Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution was a social and political movement for change from the Canadian government. It resulted in a degree of political independence and empowered Quebec citizens against the Canadian government. This movement also diminished the Churches role in healthcare, as it became state run. This is important as it contributed greatly to the creation of the Quebec identity. -
October Crisis
The October Crisis happened when the FLQ (Front du Liberation Quebec) kidnapped British Diplomat James Cross and Deputy Premier Pierre Laporte. This happened because the FLQ was anti British and wanted to separate from Quebec from Canada. They murdered Pierre Laporte but James Cross was later freed. The FLQ was a extremist group dedicated to achieving Quebec independence, at any means necessary. This is important because it outlines francophone identity and the will to separate. -
Bill 101 is Passed Into Law in Quebec
This bill was created by The Parti Quebecois, as french speakers made up 85% of the population, and french should've been the official language of Quebec. Another hope was that senior management positions in businesses would be taken by French speakers, and were commonly English speakers at the time. This bill made french the official language, and required that all signs be in french and all school children attend french school. -
Canada Adopts Official Multiculturalism
Canada's recognition and respect in its diversity of cultures, languages, and religions. This made Canada the first country globally to have multiculturalism as a national policy. This act recognizes minority rights, Aboriginal rights, and equality rights. This is important for Canadian identity, as Canadian identity is multiculturalism. -
Oka Crisis
The Oka crisis was a standoff between the Mohawk and the Canadian Military. This happened because the Mohawk believed a plot of land which had a golf course being built on it was traditionally Mohawk land. This led to a two month standoff between the military and the Mohawk. This was seen as an empowerment for all Aboriginals in Canada, as it resulted in the government addressing but not solving the issue. This event helped strengthen Aboriginal pride and identity in Canada. -
Canada Apologizes for Residential Schools
Stephen Harper who was the Prime Minister of Canada at the time, issued an apology to First Nations on the behalf of the Canadian Government, apologizing for Residential Schools. This is historic and important for Aboriginal identity, as it affirms first nations culture by the government apologizing to attempting to assimilating them. This shows that the government is slowly on a path of reconciliation with the Aboriginals.
