Canada's Role in the Cold War

Spies in Canada: Gouzenko Affair

Sep 5, 1945

CBC Archives~Soviet Spy
~He gave Canada secret documents
~Asked for permanent proctection from Canada for him and his family
~Soviets tried to kidnap him
~Wore a hood over his head after he revealed his true identity
~Canada gave him protection (went into hiding)

Berlin Blockade

Jun 24, 1948

Berlin Blockade~Iron curtain: boundary between the countries under Soviet influence
~effectivly blocked products and people between western capitals
~Soviet spies in Ottawa, Washington and other western capitals
~Soviet intentions, countries got more suspicious
~1948 Soviet Union broke agreement with it's former allies
~Both sides engaged in espionage to uncover militart secrets
~U.S and Canada began to discuss plans to defend North America from Soviet agression

Quebec's Padlock Law

Aug 9, 1948

http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/visual-arts/le-refus-global-revolution-in-the-arts/the-dark-age-of-quebec.html~This was considered the dark ages in Quebec
~Allowed the seizure of property belonging to suspected communists

Formation of NATO

Apr 4, 1949

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTr9iTyUSFs~North Atlantic Treaty Organization
~Twelve founding members: Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy and the U.S
~Formed for the fear of the Soviet Union spreading communism
~Rival military alliance against NATO was called the warsaw pactin 1955
~The buildup of weapons to deter enemy forces was insanity to Canadians
~ 1962 the government refused to allow nuclear weapons on Canadian soil

The Korean War

Jun 25, 1950

CBC Archives~Communist North Korea abd Communist China decided to attack South Korea
~U.S supported South Korea
~Only sixteen countries aided the war effort in South Korea (of all the member nations)
~UN nsure independance of South Korea
~Canadian troops asked to stay umtil 1955 to help maintain the uneasy truce

UN Peacekeeping: The Suez Crisis

Oct 29, 1956

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8LID8aDQ90~Arab people refused to recognize the state of Israel and were determined to destroy it
~The middle east had been a threat to world peace for many years
~U.S supported Israel and the Soviet Union supported the countries of Iraq, Syria and Egypt
~Suez canal, in Egypt was an important waterway connecting the Meditteranian and Red Seas on route to the Indian ocean
~ Egyptian leader general Nassar decided to take over full control of the canal zone
~Israeli forces attacked Eygpt

UN Peacekeeping: Pearson wins Nobel Prize

Nov 22, 1956

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8LID8aDQ90~Canada's secritary of state for external affairs (Lester Pearson) presented at an all night UN general assembly
~UN peacekeeping force to moniter wihdrawel of invading forces and patrol border areas
~This plan was accepted
~Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his resolution of the Suez Crisis

Sputnik

Oct 4, 1957

CBC Archives~The rocket that put Sputnik in orbit around earth could also be used to deliver a nuclear warhead to any spot in North America
~Americans replaced their long range bombs with missiles fearing the soviets (ICBMs)
~Soviets reponded by building long- range missiles

Sputnik and Canada's space program

Oct 4, 1957

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbAXkWPasYw~Soviets successfully launched a satellite known as Sputnik
~It was the first artufucial satllite in the world
~Motivated the U.S, a year later they started NASA
~Transmitted signals to earth for 21 days

Avro Arrow and its cancellation

Oct 4, 1957

CBC Archives~Canada reveals the Avro Arrow in front of the many workers that put it all together
~On that same day the Soviets unveil their suputnik one satellite which makes Canadians rethink their strategic move
~In 1959 Deiffenbaker cacells the Avro Arrow to appease the Americans leaving many unhappy Canadians
~Many parliment members were left in shock and disbelief
~This would later be known as "Black Friday"

Diefenbaker, Bomarc missiles and nuclear warheads in Canada

Nov 21, 1957

~Avro Arrow program shut down due to the cost, it was also decided that it was unable to meet Canada's security needs
~The Bormac program took it's place when Canada started this program with the U.S
~Bormac was designed to carry a nuclear warhead
~J.F.K wanted to push Canada's national defence policy so that it would incorporate nuclear missiles ]
~Diefenbaker was undecided on this issue and tried to put it to rest

Vietnam War and Draft Dodgers in Canada

Nov 22, 1957

CBC Archives~The Draft Dodgers started fleeing to Canada since they did not want to be a part of the war
~They did not want to fight so they fleed to Canada, many started to protest in Toronto at city hall
~The antiwar movement diveded the U.S into two
~Many of them struggled to make a living while in Canada but for most of them it was better than fighting in the war

NORAD and the DEW line

Feb 15, 1958

~Stands for North American Air Defence
~North America needed a better system of defence against enemy missiles
~Terms of NORAD Canada and the U.S agreed to help defend each other
~It was a distant early warning for missiles and aircrafts
~If anything was detected then they would alert NORAD

Cuban Missile Crisis

Oct 16, 1962

http://www.cbc.ca/player/News/ID/2290395245/~American spy planes photographed the construction of the Soviet missile sites on the island of Cuba
~Accuratly launched to hit any major city in North America
~U.S naval blockade around the island to stop Soviet ships form delivering missiles
~Canadian government suggested that rather than a closkade all sites suspected as missile bases should be examined by independant experts
~Soviet ships turned back before reaching the blockade

Canada-Soviet Hockey Series

Sep 28, 1972

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rptwqd5ccYk~Canadians believed that no European team could defeat a Canadian team composed of NHL players
~A series was organized between the top Russian team and a Canadian team made up of NHL players
~Canadians received a rude awakening once the Russians had tied with them in the series
~There were three wins for each team
~The last game was in Moscow where Paul Henderson scored the winning goal that won Canada the series

The Fall of the Berlin Wall

Nov 9, 1989

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MM2qq5J5A1s~A symbol for the end of the Cold War
~The leader of the East Berlin communist party announced that the border with west Berlin would be open for "private trips abroad"
~Many people started to hammer and chizzel parts of the wall out
~East Berlin had free elections for the first time in fifty eight years in 1990
~By July 1, 1990 the wall tumbled down and Germany was completly united

The Fall of the Soviet Union

Dec 25, 1991

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvoa25IiUEo~Soviet Union splits into fifteen different countries
~Gorbachev resigned after seeing that he could no longer contain the power of the population
~Januaray 1992 the Soviet Union no longer existed
~A new from of government was put into action, called the Commonwealth of Independent Republics
~This was made up of the independent countries of the former Soviet Union
~Most countries had to form a new government, rebuild their economy and built up their trust with other countries