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1497
John Cabot
His second voyage is when he claimed Newfoundland for Britain using a ship called the Matthew. There wasn't many documentation on the voyage.This shaped the historical globalization of Canada as it was the first movement to move people into North America (Canada). -
1535
Jacques Cartier
1535 was Jacques Cartier's second voyage through Canada using ships that allowed him to sail through the Canada river which got renamed the St. Lawrence River. The Iroquois people helped them to survive through the winter with a remedy that would allow them not to get scurvy. When Jacques left he took with him a dozen Stadaconiens back to Europe. But with people saying there was a kingdom rich with materials the French continued their explorations. -
Samuel de Champlain
He built a trading post in Quebec which was New France at the time. It was a great location to start up the fur trade. This had a legacy upon the First Nation people as it took parts of their land to build the trading post. Also it gave them jobs with the trading post to bring in beaver pelts and other items that they needed, in exchange for metal pots or items they couldn't make such as guns. It's legacy with the french allowed colonization of Canada. -
Britain Grants A Charter To The Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company was given exclusive trading routes with wide powers down the rivers leading into Hudson's Bay, the land around this area was called Rupert's Land. The legacy this left upon the First Nations people is that they gave up their traditional ways and became reliant on European made goods to live. For the Europeans and the French is it created wars for control of the trade and also gave them tons of money. -
Seven Years War 1756-1763
The seven years war was the first global war involving Europe, India, America, and the sea. In North America the French and the British fought for supremacy. At the start of the war France has a major advantage and captured many British forts but by 1758 the tables had turned when the British had taken Louisburg. Then the British had taken Quebec CIty in 1759 and Montréal in 1760. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 France gave Canada to the British. The war laid bicultural foundations of modern Canada. -
The Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation created a basis of government administration in the North American territories. It laid down constitutional framework for negotiation treaties with aboriginal inhabitits or First Nations. It Also was a sort of start for the American Revolution in 1775. -
British Immigration to Canada 1790-1845
Was an increase of immigration of the British people to Canada which lead to the creation of Lower and Upper Canada. It also lead to conflicts with Metis and First Nations people in Western Canada as the British immigrants took the First Nations land. Around 800,000 British immigrants had come to Canada during this time. -
Confederation of Canada
Confederation helped Canada to become a self governing country this allowed Canada to become a joined country with provinces such as Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia in the very start. Then other provinces came about such as Manitoba, the British Columbia joining in 1871, and Newfoundland joining 1949, and Nunavut created in 1999. -
Red River Rebellion 1869-1870
The rebellion had been sparked by the transfer of territory of Rupert's Land to the new nation of Canada. The Colony and farmers had been scared for their rights and culture under Canadian control. This rebellion had lead to the province of Manitoba being created and also Louis Riel being looked as a hero to the people of the rebellion and a villain in the eyes of the Canadian government. -
Signing of the Numbered Treaties 1871-1921
The treaties gave the canadian government land for industrial development and white settlement.To gain the First Nations traditional territory they made many promises. Promises had been made orally and through the text of the treaties. Some promises were special rights to treaty land and cash payments also hunting and fishing tools and farming supplies. -
The Indian Act
The Indian Act only controlled First Nations people not the Metis or the Inuit. The Indian Act allowed the government to strictly control the First Nations people. The Indian Act was another form of how the Canadian government tried to assimilate the First Nations. -
Native Residential Schools Open in Canada
The residential schools were run by the churches and also the government in an attempt to assimilate the First Nations cultures into the Euro-Canadian culture. They got abused and raped in these schools which lead to depression suicide and addictions to deal with the problems they gained from the schools. This affected First Nations people greatly as it is why they have so many problems today such as alcohol and drug abuse. -
Northwest Rebellion
It was a five month rebellion against the Canadian government as the Metis, First Nations, and some white settlers by fear and insecurity of the growing west of Canada. The Rebellion was mostly Metis militants and Aboriginal allies, but the federal troops eventually won and defeated them. This led to permanent Canadian law in the west and also the hanging of Louis Riel. -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
The royal commission in its report had called for a new relationship between the First Nation and non-First Nation peoples of Canada which would allow us to treat them differently and allow them to treat us differently. It also called for a new Royal Proclamation which would make give them a new set of ethical principles respecting the relationship of the First Nations people and the state. Many of the recommendations would have made us do constitutional change. -
The Last Native residential School Closes
The final residential school left in Canada had finally been closed in 1996 the name of the school was Gordon Residential School. The school was located in Punnichy Saskatchewan, this was the last federally run residential school to close. These schools had left a huge scar upon the legacies of the First Nation peoples and has led them to many problems which include Depression, suicide, and drug and alcohol abuse. -
The Truth and Reconciliation Commision Established
The Truth and Reconciliation Commision had been created to show what residential schools had really done towards the First Nations people and the abuse that they had went through and the horrible living standards such as the food they had been given. This was also part of an official apology from the government, this allowed for the process of reconciliation to happen.
