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Federal Government Regulation of Elections
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Use of PAC (political action committees) expands
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Federal Election Campaign Act
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mass media
restricted the amount that could be spent on mass media advertising, including TV -
individual or groups
limited how much individual and group could contribute to candidate -
Self Finances
limited the amount that candidates and their families could contribute to their own campaigns -
Corperations and Unions
prevented corporations and labor unions from participation directly in politcal campaeign, but allowed them to set up political actoin committees (PACS) -
$100 + Disclosure
required disclosure of all contributions and expenditures of more than $100 -
FEC
created the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to administer and enforce the act's provisions -
SC Rule - Spending on Self
"candidate, ne less than any other person, has a First Amendment right to engage in the discussion of public issues and vigorously and tirelessly to advocate his own election."
TRANSLATION - You can spend as much as you want on your own camgain -
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Public Funds Elections
all presidential candidate run for office on public funding -
Independent Expenditure Grows...
Money spent by corporations on issues or candidates that in NOT coordinated with campaign -
Soft Money Spending Peaks
Soft money comes from corporations for spending through political parties to influence elections -
McCain-Feingold
Bans soft money on the national level and regulated campaign ads. Individual limited to $2000 per candidate and $95,000 total. State level limited to $10,000 -
Supreme Court Upholds McCain-Fiengold
The NRA (National Rifle Association) sued McCain-Fiengold Act. The Supreme Court upheld the law -
36% PAC funding
36% of House of Representative spending comes from PAC. This peak is later reduced as cadidates turned to other forms of fund raising -
Supreme Court 180
From 2003 to 2007 to new conservative judges (John Roberts and Sammuel Alito) were added and by 5-4 decision reversed most of McCain-Fiengold -
No Public Funding
Barack Obama became first president elected while refusing public funding -
Citizens United Decison
Citizens United v FEC and Speechnow v FEC Supreme Court decisions remove any limits of spending as long as they do not contribute directly to a candidate's campaign -
Super PACS
"independent-expenditure only committees"
Supposedly independent from campaign, but run usually by former members of campaign make INDEPENDENCE a joke. Replace 527 "advocate position" funding that couldn't expressly advocate for candidate -
501(c) 4
Named after tax code number. Are committees that can spend unlimited funds for campaigns and can conceal donors as long as they do not directly coordinate with candidates campaigns
