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Napoleonic Italy
The French began to conquer Italy after they found success in Marengo. That success was the first of many more to come, and France would gain land from each of their victories. In 1805 Napoleon was crowned king in the Milan Cathedral. By 1809 the French conquered all of Italy (the whole peninsula), and therefore it becomes part of Napoleon’s French Empire. This lasts until 1813, when Napoleon is defeated at Leipzig, which leads to the formation of the Congress of Vienna. -
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The Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was established after Napoleon’s rule on Italy (and the rest of Europe). The Congress of Vienna transformed Italy into the similar situation that existed before Napoleon conquered the land and gained power in Italy. Additionally, Italy’s territory is split up once again into states inside of the country, and Austrian rule is brought back to the northern region of Italy. Now that the situation changed back to its old ways, some people missed the way that Napoleon maintaine -
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Cavour - Reaching Unity
Cavour, the prime-minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, believed that in order to create unity it was necessary to bring foreign allies to Italy instead of engaging in uprisings in different states. Cavour does this by searching for an ally, to help him regain the Italian land that belongs to Austria. He turns to Britain and they refuse, so he continues to France where he finds success. Once France accepts to be allies, Napoleon III and Cavour secretly meet and create a plan. -
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Cavour - Reaching Unity
They will begin to revolt in Austrian land which will force the Austrians to begin the war. As this occurs, the Piedmontese and French army will react by invading their land, and the land will be merged to Piedmont. Cavour and Napoleon III fight along with Garibaldi and his volunteers, which is successful. The final results of the war are shown through the Treaty of Turin that was made in March 1860. Nice and Savory are given to France, while central Italian territories are left to unite. -
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Garibaldi - Reaching Unity
As a citizen of Nice, Garibaldi was upset that Cavour allowed Nice to go under French rule. He changes this quickly. First, he names himself the dictator of Sicily and adds it to Italy. Everyone realizes Garibaldi's power. Cavour and Garibaldi’s troops join together in French territory and conquer their last piece of Italian land in 1861, the fortress of Gaeta, and bring it to Italian rule. Under Victor Emmanuel II the kingdom of Italy is established, but still excluding Rome and Venetia. -
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United Italy
The complete unification of Italy was created when Venetia came into Italian rule in 1866 and when Rome came into Italian rule in 1870. Finally there was a unified Italy, while finally remaining under one monarchy! -
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World War I
In August 1914 World War I breaks out, under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel III. Italy forms The Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria. After remaining neutral, Italy decides to declare war on Austria-Hungary and following their success Italy declares war on Germany. These countries realize that they would face a war with the Central Powers, so the Austrians and Germans sign an armistice with Italy. By the end of the war, Italy didn’t receive the settlement that they had expected pre-war. -
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Fascist Mussolini
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Italy Became a Repubulic!
The first step in becoming a republic began in 1946 when Victor Emmanuel III resigned from the throne and his son became king after an election that was held. This was the first free election in 20 years. Opposed to a monarchy that they previously had, the Italians finally chose a republic! This ended the Fascism movement. Lastly, they took on the constitution in 1947.