-
Period: to
Toussaint Louverture
The leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people. -
Period: to
Reign of King Louis XVI
King of France and Navarre from until 1791, after which he was subsequently King of the French from 1792, before his deposition and execution during the French Revolution. -
Period: to
Jes Watt perfects steam engine
Improved the steam engine -
Period: to
American Revolution
Political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America. -
Spinning Mule developed
A machine used to spin cotton and other fibres. -
Period: to
Simon Bolivar
Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. Founded Bolivia in 1825. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The anticlerical and republican revolution in France from 1789 until 1799, when Napoleon seized power. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
Was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. -
Cotton Gin Developed
Machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. -
Period: to
Reign of Napoleon
French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. -
Period: to
Wars of independece in Latin America
Various revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
This international conference was called to create a balance among the European powers in such a way so as to prevent future wars and maintain peace and stability on the European continent. -
Period: to
Opium War 1
Fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice -
Communist Manifesto Published
A short publication written by the political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It has since been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts.[ -
Period: to
Unification of Germany
The formal unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Versailles Palace's Hall of Mirrors in France. -
Period: to
Unification of Italy
Was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
A massive civil war in southern China, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. -
Period: to
Crimean War
War between Russia on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, France, and Sardinia on the other. -
Bessemer process developed
A cheap and efficient process for making steel. -
Period: to
Opium War 2
A war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China. -
Period: to
Sepoy Rebellion
A revolt of the sepoy troops in British India (1857–59), resulting in the transfer of the administration of India from the East India Company to the crown. -
Orgin of Species
A work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
The first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. -
Period: to
Meiji Restoration
Turning point in Japanese history in 1868 when the last shogun was overthrown and the emperor assumed direct control over the nation. -
Suez Canal
An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. -
Period: to
Boer War 1
Began after Disraeli had annexed the South African Boer Republics in 1877. After making repeated attempts to repeal annexation, the Boers under Kruger revolted and secured limited self-government. -
Berlin Conference
In 1884, fourteen European nations met in Berlin, Germany to make decisions about dividing Africa. -
Indian National Congress founded
One of the two major political parties in India. The largest and one of the oldest democratically-operating political parties in the world. -
Period: to
Boer War 2
The Anglo Boer War was fought by Britain and her Empire against the Boers. The Boers were comprised of the combined forces of the South African Republic and the Republic of the Orange Free State. -
Period: to
Boxer Rebelion
An anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China -
Period: to
Russo-Japanese War
Grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. "The first great war of the 20th century." -
All-India Muslim League founded
Muslim League, political organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India. -
Henry Ford and Assembly Line
Manufacturing process is much faster. -
Panama Canal
Ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
