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Brown vs Board of Education
-It was a Supreme Court case to end segregation.
-9-0 decision-or unamious, for equal protection under the 14th amendment.
-After the decision vidence and riots broke out, with some schools closing. -
Emmet Till-14 year old is killed
-14 year old boy from Chicago, visiting family in Mississippi.
-Accused of whistling at a white women,
-Ray Bryant and Jw Milan kidnap, beat,shot, killed and then threw Emmets body in the river.
-Maime Till, Emmets mother had an open casket funeral.
-Both men stood trial and found not guilty
spark to start the Civil Right Movement -
Bus Boycott
-Begins and lasts 381 days.
-MlK emerges as the leader of the bus boycott 1st large scale demonstration- nonvident in the U.S
-Very successful, 75% of all riders were black -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
It played key roles in the March of Washington in 1963 and the Selma Voting Rights Campaign and March to Montgomery in 1965 -
Little Rock Nine/Arkansas
-Testing Brown v Board of Education decision
-9 students were vetted to undergo this test
-Airborn 101 escorted students to class
-Following year all public schools closed 1958
-Aug 29,1959 schools reopened -
Greensboro sit in
4 college students sat down at a lunc counter at woodworths to be served. They were refused service. Continued to “sit-in” and others joined, the protest spread to other towns forced change. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating committee and freedom
Youth group of students remained fiercely independent of MLK and SCLC, generating their own strategies and projects. The 2 organizations worked side by side throughout the early years of the civil rights movement. This group was the second half of the freedom riders and were a part of the March in Selma -
Freedom Riders
They were challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the south in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement. -
March on Washington
For Jobs and Freedom waste advocate for the civil and economic rights for AA. 250,000 were in attendance at the Lincoln Memorial. MLK was the last speak and gave his “I have a dream speech” 70-80% of Marchers were black. It helped to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-can not be refused service
-Forbids employers and labor unions to discriminate againsr any person on grounds of race, color, religion, sex, physical disabilities in job related matters.
-prohibits discrimination against race, color, religion, national origin, sex or physical disability -
March on Selma/ Bloody Sunday
-600 students March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama to get the right to vote. They walked 54 miles and were stopped at the bridge, on national television. LBJ order the passage of 1965 voting rights law. 2nd March took place March 21 -24 with 25,000 Marchers including MLK -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
One of the most comprehensive pieces of legislation in the US history.
Blacks were registrating to vote and being elected to public office.