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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
-Civil Rights are a class of rights that protect the freedoms, social organizations and the private individuals.
-Congress of Racial Equality organized Freedom Rides to see the complying with the ruling.
-Freedom Rides is ruling against segregation on interstate transport. -
Dodger's HIRE Jackie Robinson
-Color Line is a barrier that separates whites from nonwhites.
-Jackie Robinson and the Dodgers-break the color line.
-Robinson took the field in 1947. -
Executive Order 9981
-Segregation grouping people by race or belief.
-President Truman signs this Executive Order.
-Executive Order 9981 ends armed forces segregation. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam was a religious group, that promoted complete separation from white society by establishing black business, schools and communities.
-Malcom X was a political leader of the 20th century, and drifted into a life of crime in teenage years.
-Black Nationalism is a doctrine, promoted by the nation of islam, calling for complete separation from white society.
-Malcom X was a former convict at the point. -
Brown vs. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
-Outlawed segregation in every place possible like schools.
-It still required the people to be in different areas but better than what it was. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
-Boycott is social punishment or punishment.
-Rosa Parks black lady who never gave up her spot on the bus even though she was required to.
-To make the plan for the boycott to work the men and women had to carpool everywhere around town together.
-Lots of the Montgomery people who were white tried to do anything that they could to try and stop the boycott from keeping going. -
Integration of Central High School
-Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
-In 1957, a federal jugde ordered public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, to begin desegregation.
-Citing public opposition to integration in Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus declared that he would not support desegregation in Little Rock. -
First Lunch Counter Sit-In
-Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation.
-Sit-Ins are when people aren't supposed to be in a certain place but they don't move and they stay in one place to try and prove a point, and it caused business owners to loose money because people stopped going to those places.
-This type of thing captured nationwide attention to the civil rights movement.
-It started to transform the segregated and the civil rights movement. -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience is the nonviolent refusal to obey a law that the protester considers to be unjust.
-SNCC is a college age organization who created sit ins and other nonviolent protests.
-Freedom Rides was a civil rights protest in which blacks and whites rode interstate buses together.
-In the late 1962, they issued clear rules stating that buses and bus terminals involved in interstate travel must be integrated. -
Birmingham Campaign Letter
-SCLC is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference it is a African American civil rights organization.
-Birmingham Campaign Letter supports and defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism.
-The letter explained why African Americans were using civil disobedience and other forms of direct action to protest segregation. -
March on Washington
-NAACP is a civil rights organization for the betterment of colored people.
-March on Washington was a protest with tons of people demonstrated "jobs and freedom" and the passage of civil rights legislation.
-It was the largest political gathering held in the United States. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark constitutional law case of the United States Supreme Court.
-Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most important civil rights law since reconstruction.
-It banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or nation origin. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-Disenfranchise is the right for someone to vote.
-Voting Rights Act of 1965 is an act of Congress outlawing literacy tests and other tactics that had long been used to deny African Americans the right to vote.
-Federal intervention would ensure that eligible voters were not turned away. -
Watts Riot
-Kerner Commission was the thing that concluded that white racism was the fundamental cause of the Watts Riot.
-Ghettos are where people belonging to a single ethnic group live.
-Watts Riot is a black ghetto in LA, caused by frustrations about poverty, prejudges and police mistreatment.
-The immediate cause of the riot was a charge of police brutality. -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black Power was the call by many civil rights activists, for African Americans to have economic and political power, with an emphasis on not relying on nonviolent protest.
-Black Panther Party was a group that demanded economic and political rights and was prepared to take violent action.
-The black panther was a vicious animal, who, if he was attacked, would not back up. It was a political symbol that we were here to stay and we were going to do whatever needed to be done to survive. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-Discrimination is the unjust or the prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the ground of race, age or sex.
-The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was a law that discriminated in the sale, rental, financing on house based on race, religion, national origin or sex.
-It also gave the federal government the authority to file law suits against those who violated the law. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
-Desegregation is the ending of a policy of racial segregation.
-Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Borad of Education was a way to achieve school integration.
-The Supreme Court was loosing patience with the schools that weren't doing anything and being slow on acting. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-Affirmative Action is a policy or an action favoring those who tend to suffer discrimination.
-Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a court ruled unconstitutional a university use of racial quotas in its admissions process.
-The University of California v. Bakke established a pragmatic means of reconciling well-intentioned quota.
