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Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Songhai
was a state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history. The state is known by its historiographical name, derived from its leading ethnic group and ruling elite, the Songhai. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Kongo
with a population of well over 2 million people at its peak, prospered thanks to trade in ivory, copper, salt, cattle hides, and slaves -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Ghana
The Kingdom of Ghana was a very wealthy kingdom for numerous reasons, one of the reasons being the Trans-Saharan Trade. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Kingdom of Mali
Mali expanded enough to gain access to its own abundant gold mines, and the kingdom's wealth soon became legendary. -
1492
First voyage of Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus encountered the Americas, continents which were completely unknown in Europe, Asia and Africa and were outside the Old World political and economic system -
Period: 1492 to 1504
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas. -
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers. -
1521
Cortes conquered the Aztecs
Hernan Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire. Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador, or conqueror, best remembered for conquering the Aztec empire in 1521 and claiming Mexico for Spain -
Period: to
English settlement of Roanoke
refers to two attempts by Sir Walter Raleigh to found the first permanent English settlement in North America. The first colony was established by governor Ralph Lane in 1585 on Roanoke Island in what is now Dare County, North Carolina, United States. -
Establishment of Jamestown
the first permanent English settlement in North America -
Pilgrims land in Plymouth
According to oral tradition, Plymouth Rock was the site where William Bradford and other Pilgrims first set foot on land. -
Maryland granted to Lord Baltimore
Charles granted the original charter for Maryland, a proprietary colony of about twelve million acres (49,000 km²), to the 2nd Baron Baltimore. -
Navigation Acts
a series of laws passed by the English Parliament to regulate shipping and maritime commerce. The Acts increased colonial revenue by taxing the goods going to and from British colonies. -
Period: to
King Philip’s War
he First Indian War, the Great Narragansett War or Metacom's Rebellion — took place in southern New England from 1675 to 1676. It was the Native Americans' last-ditch effort to avoid recognizing English authority and stop English settlement on their native lands. -
Bacon’s Rebellion
was an armed rebellion that took place 1676-1677 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. -
Period: to
Queen Anne’s War
second in a series of wars fought between Great Britain and France in North America for control of the continent. It was contemporaneous with the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. ... English settlements were subject to brutal raids by French forces and their Indian allies. -
Period: to
The Great Awakening
the Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affected Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion. -
Period: to
7 Years’ War
also known as the French and Indian War, began in 1756 when the fighting between French and colonists merged into a European conflict involving France, Austria, and Russia against Prussia and Britain. ... Peace was declared in 1763 through the Peace of Paris, which ended French power in North America -
Sugar Act
also called Plantation Act or Revenue Act, (1764), in U.S. colonial history, British legislation aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar
picture from: https://allthingsliberty.com/2018/09/the-sugar-act-a-brief-history/ -
Stamp Act
an act of the British Parliament in 1765 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents.
picture from: https://www.britannica.com/event/Stamp-Act-Great-Britain-1765 -
Tea Act
The act granted the company the right to ship its tea directly to the colonies without first landing it in England, and to commission agents who would have the sole right to sell tea in the colonies. -
Intolerable Acts
laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of colonial goods. -
Declaration of Independence
defined as the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.
picture from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/07/03/declaration-independence-is-key-americas-founding-it-matters-rest-world-too/ -
The Battle of Saratoga
the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War.
picture from: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battles-of-Saratoga -
Ratification of the Articles of Confederation
introduced thirteen different articles that granted powers to the states and to the federal government. ... Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated. -
The Battle of Yorktown
was the last great battle of the American Revolutionary War. It is where the British Army surrendered and the British government began to consider a peace treaty. -
Period: to
Shay’s Rebellion
was a yearlong uprising in Massachusetts, 1786, by the poorer members of society (particularly the rural population) who did not agree with the new terms imposed on them by the state government. The Rebellion led to General George Washington becoming the first president of the United States -
The Northwest Ordinance
provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.
picture from: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-constitution-ratified -
The US Constitution (The year it was ratified)
the Constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America when New Hampshire became the ninth of 13 states to ratify it.
picture from: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-constitution-ratified -
Whiskey Rebellion
was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. -
Louisiana Purchase
was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or approximately eighteen dollars per square mile, the United States nominally acquired a total of 828,000 sq mi.
picture from: https://www.britannica.com/event/Louisiana-Purchase -
Embargo Act
was a law passed by the United State Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.
picture from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Embargo-Actm: -
Period: to
War of 1812
was an armed conflict between the United States and the British Empire. ... Since Canada was a British colony back then, Canadians were also British allies. The Americans objected to the British Empire restricting their trade and snatching their sailors to serve on British ships. -
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend
U.S. victory in central Alabama over Native Americans opposed to white expansion into their terroritories and which largely brought an end to the Creek War.
picture from: https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-horseshoe-bend-2361366 -
Missouri Compromise
was the legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South in the United States Senate.
picture from: https://www.history.com/topics/abolitionist-movement/missouri-compromise -
Mexican Independence
The revolutionary tract called for the end of Spanish rule in Mexico, redistribution of land, and racial equality.
picture from: https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdmcg -
Texas declares independence
was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the next day after mistakes were noted in the text.
picture from: https://www.thoughtco.com/causes-of-texas-independence-2136245 -
Mexican-American War
was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, fought from April 1846 to February 1848. ... It stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (the Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (the U.S. claim). -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
signed on February 2, 1848, ended the Mexican-American War in favor of the United States. The war had begun almost two years earlier, in May 1846, over a territorial dispute involving Texas. -
The Compromise of 1850
was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War -
The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. -
The Dred Scott Decision
was the Supreme Court's ruling on March 6, 1857, that having lived in a free state and territory did not entitle a slave, Dred Scott, to his freedom. In essence, the decision argued that as a slave Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in a federal court. -
The secession of South Carolina
When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it. -
Period: to
The Civil War
was a civil war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the North and the South. The Civil War began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. -
The Battle of Bull Run
The first battle of the American Civil War, fought in Virginia near Washington, D.C. The surprising victory of the Confederate army humiliated the North and forced it to prepare for a long war. A year later the Confederacy won another victory near the same place. -
The Battle of Shiloh
Johnston initiated a surprise attack on Grant's camps around Shiloh Church and drove the Federal forces back to a defensive perimeter on the heights above Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. ... He believed Grant's army was beaten and that Buell's army was miles away. -
The Battle of Gettysburg
fought in July 1863, was a Union victory that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North. More than 50,000 men fell as casualties during the 3-day battle, making it the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War.
picture from: https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-should-know-about-the-battle-of-gettysburg -
The Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
picture from: https://www.britannica.com/event/Emancipation-Proclamation -
Lincoln’s Assassination
john Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer, assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
picture from: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/john-wilkes-booth-and-the-higher-law/385461/
