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The island of Great Britain is called Britannia. There the British tribes live, especially the Celts. They have pagan Celtic beliefs such as Druidism. Likewise, the Druids were priests, but also leaders, religious, doctors, judges, philosophers, historians, and political advisors.
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The Roman Empire invades the island, England becomes a province. Years later, the Roman Empire governs the province of Britannia. The empire builds constructions and introduces Christianity and the Latin language.
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Anglo-Saxons invade Roman Britain, also called Britannia. Christianity is born in England; Anglo-Saxon people convert other people to Christianity in England. There is economic stability; moreover, culture and society are established.
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The Vikings were raiders from the North, Vikings arrive from Scandinavia. In 794, the Viking Age begins when they raid the island of Lindisfarne in England. Nevertheless, different kings try to counter the Viking incursions in many battles until they fail, and finally, this age ends.
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Murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket of Canterbury by followers of King Henry II.
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Some nobles and the Catholic Church rebel against King John, but eventually, the King and the Archbishop of Canterbury sign a rulebook called Magna Carta Libertatum, or Great Charter. This rulebook helps to establish the principles of the current parliament.
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King Edward I (also called Edward Longshanks) invades Scotland and subsequently conquers Wales.
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The United Kingdom, through colonies, settlements, and dominions, extends its territory throughout the world. The British Empire begins around 1500 with different maritime explorations. In 1997, the British Empire ends when the British hand Hong Kong back to China in the handover ceremony of Hong Kong. Moreover, months later, Wales and Scotland have their parliament.
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King Henry VIII decides to divorce Catherine of Aragon because she cannot give him a male heir. The Pope refuses to grant the divorce, this causes the rupture with the Catholic Church and the beginning of the English Reformation. Finally, the Protestant Reformation begins in Europe, and the monarchy becomes Supreme Head of the Church of England.
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Queen Mary I earns the title of 'Bloody Mary' because the queen promotes the murder of many Protestants. Besides, she attempts to convert the population of England to Catholicism.
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Protestantism returns, Queen Elizabeth I helps to promote Protestantism in Scotland, and, on the other hand, the Pope declares the queen a heretic.
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Creation of companies (Virginia Company of London and Plymouth) for the colonization of other lands. Then, in 1606, in North America, Jamestown the first English colony was established.
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During the reign of King Charles I, civil wars break out. The Parliamentarians hold a trial of the king and sentence him to death. Subsequently, they form a republican government and tries to abolish the monarchy. Also, the Parliamentarians unite England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Oliver Cromwell and later Richard Cromwell receive the title of Lord Protector for leading the Parliament of England.
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The island of Jamaica, previously owned by Spain, is now a colony of England.
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Restoration of the monarchy caused by the death of Oliver Cromwell in this time period. Therefore, King Charles II ascends to the throne.
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First settlement in Africa located at James Island (now Kunta Kinteh Island).
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The British control the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam and rename it New York.
In this period, they are already established:
Other American colonies: Virginia, New England, The Bahamas, and Maryland.
Settlements: Canada, Bermudas, and Barbados. -
The Queen and King rule of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
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Wars for the control of the thirteen American colonies between the Kingdom of Great Britain and France. These wars end with the British victory.
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England and Scotland are officially one: Kingdom of Great Britain.
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In 1763, the Kingdom of Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and Prussia sign the Treaty of Paris. In this treaty, Great Britain obtained a large part of North America, some Caribbean countries, and Central America, as well as all the French colonies in India.
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New technological and scientific inventions produce changes in society that promote the evolution of industries and the economy.
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In 1776, the thirteen colonies proclaim their independence from British rule. Conflicts also begin between the Thirteen British Colonies in America and the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1783, the war ends with the Treaty of Paris and the victory of the Americans, and their allies.
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Ireland unites with England, Wales, and Scotland: officially as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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British domination with the extension of territory throughout the world: protectorates, dominions, and colonies in America, South Africa, Egypt, Middle East, and Asia.
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In 1840, New Zealand becomes a British colony, and years later, in 1858, India becomes a British colony (also called British Raj).
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World War between the great world powers: Allied Powers (British Empire, France, Kingdom of Italy, United States, Empire of Japan, China, Russian Empire, among others) and Central Powers (German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, among others). The war results in more than one million British lives lost.
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Peace treaty to end the First World War. Great Britain absorbs more colonies with this treaty.
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Process in which Great Britain divides Ireland into the territory of Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland, but Southern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Later, in the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Southern Ireland becomes an Irish Free State, but they remain part of the United Kingdom. Since 1949, the Irish Free State has become Ireland, and there is no British monarchy in the Republic of Ireland.
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland becomes the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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The global military war between the Allies (United Kingdom, United States, France, Soviet Union, among others) and the Axis (Nazi Germany, Empire of Japan, Kingdom of Italy, among others.)
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Queen Elizabeth II is the current monarch of the Commonwealth realms and members of the Commonwealth of Nations. For example, Australia, Canada, Jamaica, Bahamas, Papua New Guinea, Barbados, New Zealand, among other countries.
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British colonies in Africa declare independence by the United Kingdom.
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In 1973, the United Kingdom joins the European Union until Brexit in 2020 (United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union).
