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It was believed that diseases were caused by the supernatural.
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Doctors tried exorcising the evil spirits through ceremonies, they would also use herbs and plants as medicines.
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They use Digitalis (from foxglove plant), Quinine (from bark of the cinchona tree), Belladonna and Atropine (both from the poisonous nightshade plant), and Morphine (from the opium poppy).
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The earliest people to keep health records that were accurate were the Egyptians. The Egyptian priests were the physicians, and they helped heal people by bloodletting.
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As early as the Stone Age, the ancient Chinese figured out how to use acupuncture therapies to treat illnesses and diseases using stone tools. It developed into a more advanced practice as time passed.
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The Greeks were the first to determine that illness was natural and not because of the supernatural. Body’s were not to be dissected during these times because their religion didn’t allow it. Hippocrates based his knowledge off of what he could see.
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The Roman were the first to organize medical care, they would wear masks with a beak to protect themselves from illness and kept a separate room for the sick.
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Monks and Priests didn’t care for physical treatments and focused their own practice on God. Their form of treatment was praying.
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They prayed and suede herbal mixtures, “care was custodial.”
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The epidemics killed millions, there was many uncontrolled diseases such as smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, tuberculosis, and the worst one being the bubonic plague.
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Medical schools were built, dissection was allowed to study the human body, and publishing books to create better access to what people know about the human body.
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Leonardo da Vinci studied the anatomy of a human body.
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Gabriele Fallopius was the first to find the fallopian tubes (female anatomy)
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Bartolommeo Eustachio discovered the Eustachian tube which is the tube leading from the ear to the throat.
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William Harvey explained how blood circulation and the pumping of the heart worked, “physiology”.
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Antonie von Leeuwenhoek created the microscope, he helped discover that there was more to the world then what we can see.
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Apothecaries (early pharmacists), helped with trading drugs and spices from the east.
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He discovered that colds can be passed from person to person.
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Students went to lectures, and were introduced to dissecting patients body’s after they die. They were also able to observe patients at the bedside.
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Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen and respiration, he discovered that plants help refresh the airs oxygen as well.
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Edward Jenner discovered a vaccination for smallpox, making people somewhat immune to it.
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Rene laennec created the stethoscope, which helps doctors and nurses hear the heartbeat of another person. This helped determine if a disease was present.
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Ignaz discovered why childbed fever happened. Physicians would dissect bodies and then go deliver babies without washing their hands which would get the women sick and/or infected.
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Florence founded modern nursing, she adjusted and designed a better hospital ward where patients could had more room, better circulation of air, clean, and had multiple windows.
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“The Father of Microbiology”. He discovered that Pasteurization kills bacteria’s in milk. He also discovered that microorganisms were caused by disease.
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Ernst created a way to keep areas germ-free before and during surgery. He knew that germs caused infections so he developed asepsis. -
Robert discovered many disease-causing organisms. He introduced the importance of being clean and sanitization to prevent disease. -
He found the chemical that could treat syphilis, he discovered the effect of medicine. -
Wilhelm discovered x-rays, this helped advance doctors technology. -
Surgery used to be performed with no anesthesia, nitrous oxide and chloroform were the first to be discovered.
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Alexander discovered that penicillin could kill life-threatening bacteria’s. People died of illnesses before penicillin was discovered, it was considered one of the most important discovery’s of the 20th century. -
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. -
Discovered the dead polio virus. This virus paralyzed thousands of children and adults. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine, this helps protect babies from getting Salk’s virus. -
Christian performed the first successful heart transplant. -
He separates Siamese twins, performs hemispherectomies, surgeries to stop seizure on the brain. -
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Organ transplants, better medicines and vaccines, newer technology, medical imaging, and more.