-
Universe (Big Bang)
The Big Bang is understood as the beginning of the universe, that is, the initial point at which matter, space and time were formed.
The standard model states that the universe was in a state of very high density and temperature and then expanded. -
Sun (and solar system)
It formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a dense region of a molecular cloud collapsed, forming the Sun and a protoplanetary disc. The Sun is a typical star that maintains a balanced equilibrium by the fusion of hydrogen into helium at its core. -
Primitive Earth
It's named "Primitive Earth" to the Earth in his first 1B of years, in this time, the earth was formed by lots of volcanoes, magma oceans, lots of meteorites...
The distance of the Earth to Sun, mixed with the materials that appear with the meteorites, make that life can appear on Earth. -
Water On Earth
One factor in estimating when water appeared on Earth is that water is continually being lost to space. H2O molecules in the atmosphere are broken up by photolysis, and the resulting free hydrogen atoms can sometimes escape Earth's gravitational pull. -
Life (Prokaryotic cells)
The first cells were most likely very simple prokaryotic forms. The eukaryotic cell might have evolved when a large anaerobic (living without oxygen) amoeboid prokaryote ingested small aerobic (living with oxygen) bacteria and stabilized them instead of digesting them. -
Eukaryotic cells
We have registered the first eukaryotic cells in Proterozoic. We can observe the first cells covered with membranes, actually, the majority of cells are of this type. -
Multicellular organisms
The earliest fossils of multicellular organisms include the contested Grypania spiralis.
These are formated with evidence of multicellular traits. -
Atmospheric Oxygen
The evolution of O2-producing cyanobacteria that use water as terminal reductant transformed Earth's atmosphere to one suitable for the evolution of aerobic metabolism and complex life. The innovation of water oxidation freed photosynthesis to invade new environments and visibly changed the face of the Earth -
Cyanobacteria (Photosynthetic life)
The early development of an oxygen-containing atmosphere approximately 2.45 - 2.22 billion years ago is attributed to the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria. Furthermore, they are one of the few prokaryotic phyla where multicellularity has evolved. -
Animals (Sponges)
Coming in many sizes and shapes, sponge bodies are a loose assemblage of cells held together by a special protein called collagen which is present in all animals. In addition, sponges have microscopic crystalline spicules that act as a skeleton. -
Land Plants
The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats of unicellular archaeplastids evolved through endosymbiosis, through multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, to spore-bearing terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, and eventually to the complex seed-bearing gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants) of today. -
Vertebrates (Fish)
The first fish with a complete vertebral column evolved about 450 million years ago. These fish also had jaws and may have been similar to living sharks. Up to this point, all early vertebrates had an endoskeleton made of cartilage rather than bone. About 40 0 million years ago, the first bony fish appeared. -
Dinosaurs
The upshot: The earliest dinosaurs originated and diverged in what is now South America before trekking across the globe more than 220 million years ago when the continents were assembled into one gargantuan landmass called Pangea. -
Mammals
The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the late Carboniferous period. By the mid-Triassic, there were many synapsid species that looked like mammals. -
Flowering Plants
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae. The term 'angiosperm' is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / angeion ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / sperma ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta. -
Modern Humans
Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (sometimes Homo sapiens sapiens) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species (of which some are at times also identified with, but only one, prefix sapiens).