Timeline Biology and Geology

By Yeseniaaa
  • Period: 4600 BCE to 540 BCE

    Precambrian

    Geological events: First ocean 160º C. Origin and early evolution of the earth. Formation of the 1st continental nuclei (Rodinia)
    Climate events: Oxygen is created at 160º C. Ice Age. First glaciation. Reducing atmosphere.
    Guide fossil: Stromatolite
  • 3800 BCE

    First unicellular form

    First unicellular form
    The photosynthesis of cyanobacteria initially enriched the Earth's atmosphere with oxygen, giving rise to life as we know it.
  • Period: 540 BCE to 255 BCE

    Paleozoic

    Geological events: Supercontinent (Pangea). Orogeny + Volcanism.
    Climate events: Elevated CO2 - heating. Glaciation
    Guide fossil: Trilobites
  • 520 BCE

    1st Mass Extinction

    1st Mass Extinction
    The first was the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction
  • 500 BCE

    Arthropods

    Some beings emerged whose main characteristic was having a body made up of metamers or strongly articulated segments.
  • 480 BCE

    First vertebrates

    The oldest known vertebrate is Myllokunmingia.
  • 470 BCE

    First Land plants (gymnosperms)

    First Land plants (gymnosperms)
    Gymnosperms are very ancient plants. In fact, they were the first land plants to produce seeds and date back to the end of the Carboniferous period.
  • 430 BCE

    First most complex life form (invertebrates)

    First most complex life form (invertebrates)
    Sponges represent the first organism in the multicellular stage of invertebrate evolution. (Marine invertebrates)
  • 400 BCE

    Fish age

    Fish age
    Another ancestral vertebrate is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, which existed 530 million years ago and which, despite not possessing all the characteristics of fish, has been characterized as the first fish and even as the ancestor of all vertebrates. (The first fish appear)
  • 367 BCE

    2nd mass extinction

    Second mass extinction: Devonian period. The mass extinction of the Devonian period was caused by large ice ages that reduced temperatures and sea levels.
  • 360 BCE

    Amphibinn age

    Amphibinn age
    They were the first vertebrates to explore the terrestrial environment.
  • 355 BCE

    Age of reptiles

    Age of reptiles
    It is known as “the age of reptiles” because it is the dominant group of vertebrates on land and mares.
  • Period: 255 BCE to 65 BCE

    Mesozoic

    Geological events: The displacement of the continents begins until the current situation. Fractura de Pangea. Apertura del atlántico. Alpine Orogeny: Himalayas, Andes, Alps and Pyrenees.
    Climate events: Large amounts of CO2. Warm weather. Triassic: 24º C Jurassic: 19º C Cretasic: 24º C
    Guide fossil: Ammonites and Belemites
  • 251 BCE

    3rd mass extinction

    The large volume of greenhouse gases caused by the millions of cubic kilometers of lava expelled generated global warming that led to such a disaster.
  • 250 BCE

    The Great extinction

    Permian-Triassic extinction: The largest mass extinction in Earth's history affected a variety of species, including many vertebrates.
  • 245 BCE

    Appearance of the dinosaurs

    At that time there were few. It was 13 million years later when they became kings on Earth.
  • 210 BCE

    4th Mass extinction

    It lasted 1 million years and, as a consequence, 76% of species disappeared. Almost 75% of marine invertebrates perished and affected the surface and oceans of our planet.
  • 200 BCE

    Expansion of Belemnites and Ammonites

    Guide fossil
  • 66 BCE

    Extinction of the dinosaurs

    The impact of a gigantic asteroid in Chicxulub, off the coast of Mexico, darkened the skies and cooled the planet, killing all dinosaurs except birds.
  • 65 BCE

    5th mass extinction

    The Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. Although there is no exact duration, it is known that about 76% of the species disappeared. Surely this episode in our history is best known to all of us since it is the time that killed the dinosaurs.
  • 65 BCE

    First angiorperm plants (with flower)

    First angiorperm plants (with flower)
    'Montsechia vidalii' is the oldest angiosperm in the fossil record, 130 million years old.
  • Period: 65 BCE to 1 CE

    Cenozoic

    Geological events: Completion of continental drift.
    Climate events: Oxygen begins to increase and normal temperatures almost controlled. Last glaciations. Ice Age. There was a lot of freezing that caused the sea level to drop.
    Guide fossil: Nummulites
  • 40 BCE

    Age of birds and mammals

    Age of birds and mammals
    Age of birds: A change in body shape with four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.
    Age of mammals: Being the dominant group of vertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems, which replaced the Mesozoic dinosaurs.
  • 1 BCE

    First hominids

    First hominids
    The first hominids appeared; direct ancestors of humans
  • 1 CE

    Homo sapiens appears

    Homo sapiens appears
    Anatomically, modern man is classified as Homo sapiens-sapiens.