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ESEA
ESEA, Title VII
The Bilingual Education Act became a federal statute under Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Amendment of 1967.
It provided federal funding for the Bilingual Education Act of 1968.ESEA -
Amendment to the Bilingual Education Act of 1968
Terrence Bell, Secretary of Education, saw the guidelines in the Bilingual Education Act as too inflexible.
Lawmakers amended the act, offering Title VII programs the option of using English-only instruction.
Repeal of Billingual Education Act -
Proposition 187 (California)
Proposition 187 is introduced to deny illegal immigrants (or those suspected of being so) health care, social services, and public education.
In November of 1994, the issue was brought to the voters, where it received 59% of the votes in its favor, and became a law.
Its constitutionality was immediately challenged and three days after Election Day, a temporary restraining was placed on the new law. Proposition 187 -
Repeal Proposition 187
In March of 1998, U.S. District Court confirmed that the federal government has the exclusive authority over immigration policies, and thus, the law was unconstitutional. This court ruling effectively killed the law. -
Proposition 227
Proposition 227 says that all California students must be taught in English as rapidly as possible.
The proposition places non-English speaking students in a short-term English immersion program. Students generally do not spend more than one year in the program, however, one year after the English-only program was implemented, and only 7% of students who had participated in the program were considered fluent in the English language. -
No Child Left Behind
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB): The reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 appropriates funds to states to improve the education of limited English proficient students by assisting children to learn English and meet challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards. Legislation for limited English proficient students is found under Title III of NCLB. No Child Left Behind -
Title III
Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students. Provides formula grants to state education agencies. Funding for LEP students nearly doubled, and for the first time, federal funds for LEP students went to nearly all eligible schools. Title III does not make any distinctions between bilingual and nonbilingual programs. Title III gave the ultimate authority to each state to determine what programs it will and will not support.